Abstract: It has been found that wild-type ferulic acid decarboxylase derived from Saccharomyces has high catalytic activity for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds. Further, it has been found that in the ferulic acid decarboxylase, substitute of the amino acid at position 398 with glutamine, methionine, asparagine, phenylalanine, histidine, or threonine more improves the catalytic activity, making it possible to provide a method capable of producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound such as butadiene with high productivity, and an enzyme used in the method.

Abstract: In a studless tire rubber composition, per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber containing 30 parts by mass or more of a polybutadiene rubber, 20 parts by mass or more of an inorganic filler and from 10 to 40 mass %, with respect to the inorganic filler, of basic magnesium sulfate inorganic fibers having an average diameter of less than 1 ?m are blended.

Abstract: A rubber composition for use in tire treads comprising from 60 to 130 parts by weight of silica per 100 parts by weight of diene rubber containing not less than 50% by weight of hydroxyl group-containing modified styrene butadiene rubber, in which the weight ratio of oil to filler containing the silica is not greater than 0.25, and a silane coupling agent having a mercapto group and an Si—O bond is compounded in an amount from 4 to 15% by weight of the silica content, and diethylene glycol is compounded in an amount from 1 to 6% by weight of the silica content.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tire treads of the present technology contains a diene rubber, silica and a silane coupling agent, wherein the silane coupling agent is a polysiloxane represented by a specific average composition formula, the silica content is from 5 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber, and the silane coupling agent content is from 1 to 20 mass % relative to the silica content.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a tire rubber composition capable of producing a studless tire that has excellent performance on ice and wear resistance, and to provide a studless tire using the composition. The tire rubber composition of the present invention is composed of 100 parts by mass of a diene type rubber (A), from 30 to 100 parts by mass of a carbon black and/or a white filler (B), from 0.3 to 30 parts by mass of a cross-linkable oligomer or polymer (C) that is not phase-soluble with the diene type rubber (A); and from 0.1 to 12 parts by mass of three dimensionally crosslinked fine particles (D) of 1 to 200 ?m average particle diameter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rubber composition for use in tire treads including a rubber component and, per 100 parts by mass thereof, from 1 to 20 parts by mass of a gel; and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition in a tread. The gel can be produced by dissolving a polyvinyl alcohol powder in an aqueous solution containing water or water and an organic solvent including a group selected from a hydroxy group, an amino group, and an amide group; and crosslinking by adding a crosslinking agent thereto.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tire treads of the present technology contains a diene rubber, silica and a silane coupling agent, wherein the silane coupling agent is a polysiloxane represented by a specific average composition formula, the silica content is from 5 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber, and the silane coupling agent content is from 1 to 20 mass % relative to the silica content.

Abstract: A rubber composition for use in tire treads comprising from 60 to 130 parts by weight of silica per 100 parts by weight of diene rubber containing not less than 50% by weight of hydroxyl group-containing modified styrene butadiene rubber, in which the weight ratio of oil to filler containing the silica is not greater than 0.25, and a silane coupling agent having a mercapto group and an Si—O bond is compounded in an amount from 4 to 15% by weight of the silica content, and diethylene glycol is compounded in an amount from 1 to 6% by weight of the silica content.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition with which it is possible to produce a tire that retains wear resistance and has excellent frictional force on ice, and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition. The rubber composition of the present invention is a rubber composition comprising a diene rubber, carbon black and/or a white filler, and a master batch prepared by premixing a non-diene rubber and an organic peroxide, wherein a total content of carbon black and white filler is from 20 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of diene rubber and a content of the non-diene rubber in the master batch is from 3 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a tire rubber composition capable of producing a studless tire that has excellent performance on ice and wear resistance, and to provide a studless tire using the composition. The tire rubber composition of the present invention is composed of 100 parts by mass of a diene type rubber (A), from 30 to 100 parts by mass of a carbon black and/or a white filler (B), from 0.3 to 30 parts by mass of a cross-linkable oligomer or polymer (C) that is not phase-soluble with the diene type rubber (A); and from 0.1 to 12 parts by mass of three dimensionally crosslinked fine particles (D) of 1 to 200 ?m average particle diameter.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition with which it is possible to produce a tire that retains wear resistance and has excellent frictional force on ice, and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition. The rubber composition of the present invention is a rubber composition comprising a diene rubber, carbon black and/or a white filler, and a master batch prepared by premixing a non-diene rubber and an organic peroxide, wherein a total content of carbon black and white filler is from 20 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of diene rubber and a content of the non-diene rubber in the master batch is from 3 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.

Abstract: A rubber composition for use in tire treads including a rubber component and, per 100 parts by mass thereof, from 1 to 20 parts by mass of the gel described below; and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition in a tread. Gel: A gel produced by dissolving a polyvinylalcohol powder in an aqueous solution containing water or water and an organic solvent including a group selected from a hydroxy group, an amino group, and an amide group; and crosslinking by adding a crosslinking agent thereto.