Abstract: Cyclone separator provided with an inlet for receiving gas and solid particles, a gas outlet at its upper end and a lower tubular part, wherein the lower tubular part is provided with a closed lower end, through which closed lower end a substnatially vertical particle withdrawal conduit extends from a position below the closed lower end to a position in the tubular part and below the inlet for receiving gas and solid particles, said conduit being provided with openings to withdraw solid particles from the cyclone separator and wherein said conduit has a smaller cross-sectional area than the lower tubular part, thereby defining a space between conduit and inner wall of the lower tubular part, wherein in the lower part of said space main means to add a primary fluidizing medium are present.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking unit includes a nozzle located in the bottom of a riser reactor. A first conduit provides a passageway for enabling a dispersing gas to flow therethrough and through an outlet passageway in a cap covering the end of the conduit. The outlet passageway discharges the dispersing gas into a liquid hydrocarbon feed material flowing through a second conduit spaced from and enclosing the first conduit to form an annulus therebetween, thereby providing a passageway for enabling the liquid hydrocarbon feed material to flow. A second cap covers the end of the second conduit and is spaced from the first cap thereby forming a mixing zone therebetween for mixing the liquid hydrocarbon feed and the dispersing gas. The second cap includes a continuous circular slot as an outlet passageway of the first cap and is adapted for discharging the mixture of liquid hydrocarbon feed and the dispersing gas. Hot regenerated catalyst enters the riser bottom region through a regenerator standpipe.

Abstract: The pelletized product of melt condensation polymerization of 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid is crystallized in a vessel designed for continuous fluidized bed flow of the pellets in water at a temperature within the range of about 65 to about 100° C. Hot-water treatment in the vessel permits crystallization of the pellets in a continuous operation and results in an increase of the crystallinity of the polymer to greater than about 35% and an increase in pellet density.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated process for producing 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylicacid comprising oxidizing a methylnaphthalene feedstock, hydrodebrominating the crude naphthoic acid product under conditions different from any work known in the art, forming a potassium salt of the acid; disproportionating the potassium salt to produce 2,6 potassium salts of NDA; selectively precipitating K2NDA; selectively precipitating the monopotassium salt of 2,6 NDA(KHNDA); disproportionating the KHNDA into 2,6 NDA and K2NDA; further reacting the 2,6 NDA in a pipe reactor; and drying the product 2,6 NDA by conventional means or directly slurrying directly into a PEN process. The process can tolerate impurities in the economical methylnaphthalene feed and the resulting 2,6 NDA is of high quality with <50 ppm potassium.

Abstract: A catalytic cracker riser reactor is connected to a regenerator standpipe through which hot, regenerated catalyst enters the riser bottom region. A hydrocarbon feed, such as gas oil, and dispersing gases, such as steam, are introduced through a single bottom entry nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly comprises three concentrically arranged conduits. An inner conduit provides a passageway for a first dispersing gas and terminates in a first cap having at least one outlet passage for discharging the first dispersing gas in a generally radially outward and upward direction. The first conduit and first cap are enclosed by a second conduit and second cap, the annulus formed thereby providing a passageway for a liquid hydrocarbon feed. The second cap also has at least one outlet passage for discharging the mixture of hydrocarbon feed and first dispersing gas into the riser reactor in a radially outward and upward direction.

Abstract: A method for improving extraction and separation of a component from a fluid. The method comprises forming a multi-phase fluid system, the multi-phase fluid system comprising at least a first phase having at least one extractable component and a second phase having an attraction for the extractable component, mixing the multi-phase fluid system at a first mixing intensity, mixing the multi-phase fluid system at least a second mixing intensity less than the first mixing intensity, and allowing the multi-phase fluid system to settle. In this process, the mixing intensity is reduced step-wise, resulting in lower entrainment of the extractable component in the fluid and faster separation of the phases.

Abstract: The pelletized product of melt condensation polymerization of 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid (or alkyl ester thereof) is crystallized by immersion in water at a temperature within the range of 60 to about 100° C. Hot-water treatment increases the crystallinity of the polymer to at least about 35% and increases pellet density to about 1.33 g/cm3.

Abstract: A method for extracting and separating extractive components from fluids is provided. A first fluid and an extraction fluid are added to a vessel, thereby creating a two-phase two-layer system, wherein the first fluid and the extraction fluid are discrete and the two-phase system has a first fluid/extraction fluid interface. The two-phase system is then agitated, wherein the first fluid phase and the extraction fluid phase remain as substantially discrete layers. A means for communication between the first fluid and the extraction fluid is provided. The communication of the phases results in the extractive components being extracted from the first fluid into the extraction fluid. Agitation is stopped and the first fluid is recovered having reduced extractive components.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a regenerator or a stripper includes a standpipe for circulating catalyst from one vessel to another, the standpipe having an inlet design which reduces gas entrainment during catalyst transport by partial de-fluidization in the standpipe inlet region. The standpipe inlet design could include multiple inlet openings through the top of the standpipe or from the side wall by means of slots, or both, and a horizontal disk surrounding the standpipe below the slots for blocking the upward flow of bubbles, the combination thereby forming a dense fluidization zone above the disk and surrounding the inlet, including the slots. Additionally, the disk may include a downwardly-projecting lip or edge forming an inverted void space around the standpipe and the downwardly-projecting edge may further include vent holes around its circumference which allow bubbles trapped under the disk to be vented outside the standpipe inlet region.

Abstract: A method for extracting and separating extractive components from fluids is provided. A first fluid and an extraction fluid are added to a vessel, thereby creating a two-phase two-layer system, wherein the first fluid and the extraction fluid are discrete and the two-phase system has a first fluid/extraction fluid interface. The two-phase system is then agitated, wherein the first fluid phase and the extraction fluid phase remain as substantially discrete layers. A means for communication between the first fluid and the extraction fluid is provided. The communication of the phases results in the extractive components being extracted from the first fluid into the extraction fluid. Agitation is stopped and the first fluid is recovered having reduced extractive components.

Abstract: A feed nozzle for introducing steam and a heavy petroleum hydrocarbon into a reactor, including a nozzle body having a cylindrical inner steam conduit; and having a annular outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, a first nozzle tip fixedly attached to the outlet end of the inner steam conduit, for the passage of the steam out of the inner steam conduit and into the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon, resulting in a mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon; the hemi-spherical outlet end having a row comprising a plurality of holes therein for the passage of the steam out of the inner steam conduit and into the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon passing through the outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, resulting in a mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon; a second nozzle tip fixedly attached to the outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, for passage of the mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon out of the feed nozzle assembly; the second nozzle tip being adapted to atomize the mixture

Abstract: A feed nozzle for introducing steam and a heavy petroleum hydrocarbon into a reactor, including a nozzle body having a cylindrical inner steam conduit; and having an annular outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, a first nozzle tip fixedly attached to the outlet end of the inner steam conduit, for the passage of the steam out of the inner steam conduit and into the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon, resulting in a mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon, the hemi-spherical outlet end; having a row comprising a plurality of holes therein for the passage of the steam out of the inner steam conduit and into the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon passing through the outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, resulting in a mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon; a second nozzle tip fixedly attached to the outer heavy petroleum hydrocarbon conduit, for passage of the mixture of steam and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon out of the feed nozzle assembly; the second nozzle tip being adapted to atomize the mixtur