Abstract: The present invention relates in part to short-wave IR (SWIR) materials comprising generic mixed salts of empirical formula AaBbMcXd that are composition-dependent, broadband, and tunable. These materials have unique light absorbance wavelengths from 0.4 to 2.6 ?m, including both the visible and SWIR. The preparation procedure for the SWIR materials is simple, including the use of widely available, cheap, and non-toxic precursors, unlike existing state of the art alloy SWIR materials. These novel materials have broad applications in security, surveillance, military, machine vision, photovoltaic solar cells, medical treatments, spectroscopy detector, and thermography. The present invention also relates to methods of fabricating a film comprising the composition of the invention and to photovoltaic stacks comprising the composition of the invention.

Abstract: Aspects for active alignment for assembling optical imaging systems are described herein. As an example, the aspects may include aligning an optical detector with an optical component. The optical component is configured to alter a direction of one or more light beams emitted from an image displayed by an optical engine. The aspects may further include detecting, by the optical detector, a virtual image generated by the one or more light beams emitted by the optical engine; and adjusting, by a multi-axis controller, an optical path of the one or more light beams based on one or more parameters of the virtual image collected by the optical detector.

Abstract: A light projecting system comprises: a waveguide comprising a first surface, a second surface, and a fourth surface, at least one of the first surface or the second surface comprising a first plurality of grating structures; a light source coupling light into the waveguide to form an in-coupled light beam, wherein: each of the first grating structures is configured to disrupt the total internal reflection to cause at least a portion of the in-coupled light beam to couple out of the waveguide, and a remainder beam of the in-coupled light beam undergoing the total internal reflection being coupled out of the waveguide after the out-coupling at each of the first grating structures; a detector configured to receive and measure the remainder beam; and a processor coupled to the detector and configured to determine if a dangerous condition occurs based on the measured remainder beam.

Abstract: Circadian rhythm is modulated by administering a circadian rhythm phase-shifting hPER2 phosphorylating kinase inhibitor.

Abstract: A simple approach to produce mixed Cu/Cu2O nanocrystals having a specific morphology by controlling the reaction temperature during Cu/Cu2O nanocrystals synthesis. Other variables are kept constant, such as the amount of reactants, while the reaction temperatures is maintained at a predetermined temperature of 70° C., 30° C. or 0° C., which are used to produce different and controlled morphologies for the Cu/Cu2O nanocrystals. The reaction mixture includes a copper ion contributor, a capping agent, a pH adjustor, and reducing agent. The reaction mixture is held at the predetermined temperature for three hours to produce the Cu/Cu2O nanocrystals. The synthesis method has advantages such as mass production, easy operation, and high reproducibility.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser apparatus is formed using a patterned silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-like substrate which is patterned with a buried sub-wavelength high contrast grating and adapted for bonding of a half-VCSEL device containing at least an active region and an upper mirror, to create a VCSEL. The wavelength of the VCSEL, or any individual VCSEL within an array of VCSEL devices, can be set in response to changing HCG characteristics of the lower mirror in the SOI-like substrate, or in the region above the lower mirror within the half-VCSEL. The inventive VCSEL device and fabrication method are beneficial for a number of application and devices.

Abstract: A short-cavity semiconductor laser heterostructure, such as a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) comprising a laser cavity having upper and lower surfaces and an active region disposed between the upper and lower surfaces for generating light and emitting light substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the cavity, an upper high contrast grating (HGC) mirror disposed adjacent to the upper surface of the laser cavity, and a lower HCG mirror disposed adjacent to the lower surface of the laser cavity.

Abstract: A photodetector is provided with a high contrast grating (HCG) reflector first reflector that has a two dimensional periodic structure. The two dimensional structure is a periodic structure that is a symmetric structure with periodic repeating. The symmetrical structure provides that polarization modes of light are undistinguishable. A second reflector is in an opposing relationship to the first reflector. A tunable optical cavity is between the first and second reflectors. An active region is positioned in the cavity between the first and second reflectors. The photodetector is polarization independent. An MQW light absorber is included converts light to electrons.

Abstract: A dual usage HCG VCSEL detector is provided with a high contrast grating (HCG) reflector first reflector that has a two dimensional periodic structure. The two dimensional structure is a periodic structure that is a symmetric structure with periodic repeating. The symmetrical structure provides that polarization modes of light are undistinguishable. A second reflector is in an opposing relationship to the first reflector. A tunable optical cavity is between the first and second reflectors. An active region is positioned in the cavity between the first and second reflectors. The photodetector is polarization independent. An MQW light absorber is included converts light to electrons. A dual usage HCG VCSEL-detector includes a high contrast grating (HCG) reflector first reflector, and a second reflector in an opposing relationship to the first reflector. A tunable optical cavity is between the first and second reflectors. An active region is positioned in the cavity between the first and second reflectors.

Abstract: A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) and its fabrication are taught which incorporate a high contrast grating (HCG) to replace the top mirror of the device and which can operate at long-wavelengths, such as beyond 0.85 ?m. The HCG beneficially provides a high degree of polarization differentiation and provides optical containment in response to lensing by the HCG. The device incorporates a quantum well active layer, a tunnel junction, and control of aperture width using ion implantation. A tunable VCSEL is taught which controls output wavelength in response to controlling a micro-mechanical actuator coupled to a HCG top mirror which can be moved to, or from, the body of the VCSEL. A fabrication process for the VCSEL includes patterning the HCG using a wet etching process, and highly anisotropic wet etching while precisely controlling temperature and PH.