Abstract: A device includes a wafer substrate, a conical frustum structure formed in the wafer substrate, and a gate all-around (GAA) structure circumscribing the middle portion of the conical frustum structure. The conical frustum structure includes a drain formed at a bottom portion of the conical frustum, a source formed at a top portion of the vertical conical frustum, and a channel formed at a middle portion of the conical frustum connecting the source and the drain. The GAA structure overlaps with the source at one side of the GAA structure, crosses over the channel, and overlaps with the drain at another side of the GAA structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of continuous extrusion devices to form high quality polymer dispersions. Screw extruder devices of the present invention inject water into a zone of high pressure, temperature, and shear to cause the rapid inversion of a weld in less than, for example, one minute, which compares very favorably with conventional batch methods, which can take, for example, two or more hours to complete an inversion. This rapid inversion—a surprising result given the extended time inversion requires in batch processes—allows for the continuous production of polymer dispersions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a configurable hierarchical comma-free Reed-Solomon decoding circuit and a method thereof. The design is based on an original hierarchical parallel architecture which not only completes a decoding process faster than conventional decoder, but also utilizes less hardware to perform various algorithms with less power consumed. The architecture of the present invention has higher decoding rate than the conventional systolic architecture by a cycle ratio of 22 to 94. Further, the present invention does not require the use of ROM to store 64 sets of codewords and uses logic gates less than one fourth of the logic gates than conventional systolic architecture. As a result, the circuit of the present invention occupies less area than the conventional architecture. The circuit of the present invention is also configurable for different applications, so it can always find an optimal compromise between speed and power consumption for various decoding requirements.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device that includes providing a semiconductor substrate, forming a gate structure on the substrate, the gate structure including a dummy gate, removing the dummy gate from the gate structure thereby forming a trench, forming a work function metal layer partially filling the trench, forming a fill metal layer filling a remainder of the trench, performing a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to remove portions of the metal layers outside the trench, and implanting Si, C, or Ge into a remaining portion of the fill metal layer.

Abstract: A synchronizer for a communication device and an access point, which is installed inside the communication device and comprises a coefficient generator generating a set of coefficient code. A parallel-to-serial converter receives a set of input code from an access point, performs a parallel-to-serial conversion on the set of input code and outputs a result. A coefficient element array includes a plurality of coefficient elements interconnecting with each other. Each of the coefficient elements receives the set of input code from the parallel-to-serial converter and receives the set of coefficient code, and then performs a passive or active correlation operation on the set of input code and the set of coefficient code to output a correlation value to the access point for synchronizing signals of the communication device and the access point.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a synchronizer for a communication device and an access point, which is installed inside the communication device and comprises a coefficient generator generating a set of coefficient code; a parallel-to-serial converter receiving a set of input code from an access point, performing a parallel-to-serial conversion on the set of input code and outputting a result; and a coefficient element array including a plurality of coefficient elements interconnecting with each other, wherein each of the coefficient elements receives the set of input code from the parallel-to-serial converter and receives the set of coefficient code, and then performs a passive or active correlation operation on the set of input code and the set of coefficient code to output a correlation value to the access point for synchronizing signals of the communication device and the access point.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a configurable hierarchical comma-free Reed-Solomon decoding circuit and a method thereof. The design is based on an original hierarchical parallel architecture which not only completes a decoding process faster than conventional decoder, but also utilizes less hardware to perform various algorithms with less power consumed. The architecture of the present invention has higher decoding rate than the conventional systolic architecture by a cycle ratio of 22 to 94. Further, the present invention does not require the use of ROM to store 64 sets of codewords and uses logic gates less than one fourth of the logic gates than conventional systolic architecture. As a result, the circuit of the present invention occupies less area than the conventional architecture. The circuit of the present invention is also configurable for different applications, so it can always find an optimal compromise between speed and power consumption for various decoding requirements.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to poly(vinyl butyral) dispersions that incorporate a hydrogenated, ethoxylated castor oil as a non-ionic surfactant. Incorporation of the hydrogenated, ethoxylated castor oils of the present invention result in poly(vinyl butyral) dispersions that can be formed using conventional methods. Non-ionic, hydrogenated, ethoxylated castor oils, according to the present invention, can be post-added after formation of an anionic dispersion as a co-surfactant to extend pH stability of a poly(vinyl butyral) dispersion containing a conventional anionic alkali-metal soap, such as sodium or potassium oleate, from the alkaline to the neutral pH range.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital filter having phase-adjustment ability, and more particularly to a digital filter system which can restore the phase of data transmitted via digital radio communication and thereby enhances the noise-immunity of data and the correct bit decision. The digital filter mainly includes a hold back data unit, a digital filter unit, and a signal phase modify unit to remove noises in the signals and to modify and restore correct digital wave-form signals. The digital filter having phase-adjustment ability is suitable for use in digital radio phones, pagers, etc. commonly found in the radio communication systems.