Abstract: An integrated process for making furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and FDCA derivatives combines a furfural oxidation reaction, an intermediate water removal step, and a furoate salt carboxylation reaction. A furfural feed stream is oxidized with an alkaline solution in the presence of a catalyst and excess base with air as the oxidant. The resulting furoate solution from the first process step is dried to remove water. The anhydrous solid products are sent to a carboxylation process to produce FDCA salt, which can optionally be further reacted to form FDCA or FDCA ester.

Abstract: Systems and processes for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. Sulfur compounds are extracted from a hydrocarbon feed stream with a caustic stream to provide a treated hydrocarbon stream and a rich caustic stream. The sulfur compounds in the rich caustic stream are oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to provide a lean caustic stream. The lean caustic stream is returned to extract sulfur from the hydrocarbon stream. Data such as a concentration of sulfurs species and degree of caustic saturation with the sulfur species in the rich caustic stream may be provided by a sensor, compared against other real-time or historical data and used to provide a recommended adjustment to process conditions associated with an extraction unit, or an oxidation unit, or both.

Abstract: A fluidized reforming process comprising a two stage fluidized reforming reactor is described. A naphtha stream flows upward through the two fluidized stages and contacts the catalyst forming a product stream and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is separated from the product stream and the naphtha feed stream. Some of the spent catalyst is regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing regeneration fluid to heat and reactivate the catalyst. The heated, regenerated catalyst forms at least a port of the catalyst stream for the process. A process for cyclizing paraffins or isomerizing cyclopentanes is also described. The process uses a chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon or isomerizing a cyclopentane in the presence of the chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclohexane.

Abstract: Systems and processes for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. Sulfur compounds are extracted from a hydrocarbon feed stream with a caustic stream to provide a treated hydrocarbon stream and a rich caustic stream. The sulfur compounds in the rich caustic stream are oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to provide a lean caustic stream. The lean caustic stream is returned to extract sulfur from the hydrocarbon stream. Data such as a concentration of sulfurs species and degree of caustic saturation with the sulfur species in the rich caustic stream may be provided by a sensor, compared against other real-time or historical data and used to provide a recommended adjustment to process conditions associated with an extraction unit, or an oxidation unit, or both.

Abstract: A plastic catalytic pyrolysis process that can produce high yields of ethylene, propylene and other light olefins from waste plastics is disclosed. The catalytic product stream is quenched to below catalytic pyrolysis temperature quickly after exiting the reactor or bulk separation from the catalyst. Quench preserves selectivity of light olefinic monomers. The catalytic pyrolysis process can be operated in a single stage or a two-stage process.

Abstract: A plastic catalytic pyrolysis process that can produce high yields of ethylene, propylene and other light olefins from waste plastics is disclosed. The plastic feed is catalytically pyrolyzed at high silica-to-alumina ratios and elevated temperature to produce high ratios of gas to liquid which results in high light olefin monomer selectivity. The catalytic pyrolysis process can be operated in a single stage or a two-stage process.

Abstract: A high-temperature plastic pyrolysis process that can produce high yields of ethylene, propylene and other light olefins from waste plastics is disclosed. The plastic feed is pyrolyzed at a high temperature of about 600 to about 900° C. directly to monomers, such as ethylene and propylene. During pyrolysis, the plastic feed is contacted with a diluent gas stream at a mole ratio of carbon feed to diluent gas of 0.6 to 20.

Abstract: A plastic pyrolysis process that can produce high yields of ethylene, propylene and other light olefins from waste plastics is disclosed. The plastic feed is pyrolyzed at a low-temperature pyrolysis process and subsequently pyrolyzed in a high-temperature pyrolysis process directly to monomers, such as ethylene and propylene. Insufficiently pyrolyzed product from the low-temperature pyrolysis process can be fed to the high-temperature pyrolysis process while preserving the desired low-temperature product monomers.

Abstract: A catalytic composition and process for using same. The catalyst may be utilized for an oxidation reaction, for example, for the conversion of mercaptans to disulfides. The catalyst includes a metal component, for example, cobalt phthalocyanine structure. The organic component may comprise any number of different oxidation promoters that are capable of promoting the reduction of oxygen, preferably in a caustic, environment. The organic component may comprise an unsaturated six member ring having at least five carbon atoms, and wherein the sixth member of the six member ring is either C or N, and in which at least two substituent groups are present on the six membered ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system to detect mercaptides or sulfides in a caustic stream. More particularly, this invention relates to an on-line analyzer for measuring mercaptides using a color changing reagent to quantify mercaptide or sulfide concentration in a caustic stream. The on-line analyzer which includes a liquid sensor which can provide valuable feedback to an operator for controlling a processing unit for the catalytic oxidation of mercaptides to disulfides in an alkaline environment.

Abstract: A catalytic composition and process for using same. The catalyst may be utilized for an oxidation reaction, for example, for the conversion of mercaptans to disulfides. The catalyst includes a metal component, for example, cobalt phthalocyanine structure. The organic component may comprise any number of different oxidation promoters that are capable of promoting the reduction of oxygen, preferably in a caustic, environment. The organic component may comprise an unsaturated six member ring having at least five carbon atoms, and wherein the sixth member of the six member ring is either C or N, and in which at least two substituent groups are present on the six membered ring.