Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided and includes a fixed assembly, a movable assembly, a driving assembly and a stopping assembly. The fixed assembly has a main axis. The movable assembly is configured to connect an optical element, and the movable assembly is movable relative to the fixed assembly. The driving assembly is configured to drive the movable assembly to move relative to the fixed assembly. The stopping assembly is configured to limit the movement of the movable assembly relative to the fixed assembly within a range of motion.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: An operational amplifier includes a first differential input pair, a first switch and a second switch. The first differential input pair includes a first input transistor and a second input transistor. The first input transistor has a gate terminal coupled to an output terminal of the operational amplifier. The second input transistor has a gate terminal. The first switch is coupled between the gate terminal of the first input transistor and the gate terminal of the second input transistor. The second switch is coupled between a first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the gate terminal of the second input transistor.

Abstract: A source driver adapted to drive a display panel is provided. The source driver includes an output buffer and a slew rate adjustment circuit. An input terminal of the output buffer receives a driving voltage. An output terminal of the output buffer outputs an output signal adapted to drive the display panel. The slew rate adjustment circuit dynamically adjusts a slew rate of a rising edge of the output signal according to a first setting and dynamically adjusts a slew rate of a falling edge of the output signal according to a second setting independent of the first setting, such that the adjustment to the slew rate of the rising edge of the output signal is independent of the adjustment to the slew rate of the falling edge of the output signal.

Abstract: A source driver adapted to drive a display panel is provided. The source driver includes an output buffer and a slew rate adjustment circuit. An input terminal of the output buffer receives a driving voltage. An output terminal of the output buffer outputs an output signal adapted to drive the display panel. The slew rate adjustment circuit dynamically adjusts a slew rate of a rising edge of the output signal according to a first setting and dynamically adjusts a slew rate of a falling edge of the output signal according to a second setting independent of the first setting, such that the adjustment to the slew rate of the rising edge of the output signal is independent of the adjustment to the slew rate of the falling edge of the output signal.

Abstract: An undervoltage detection circuit includes a voltage divider, a voltage-to-current (V-to-I) converter and a current comparator. The voltage divider divides a supply voltage to generate a divided voltage. The V-to-I converter converts the divided voltage into a first current based on a first V-to-I transfer function, and converts the divided voltage into a second current based on a second V-to-I transfer function different from the first V-to-I transfer function. The current comparator compares the first and second currents to generate a comparison signal that indicates whether the supply voltage is sufficiently large.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate and a display driver chip bonded on the substrate. The display driver chip includes a plurality of operational amplifiers, and each of the operational amplifiers has a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes a first power input terminal. The second stage includes a first power input terminal and an output terminal for outputting an output voltage. The first power input terminal of the first stage is connected to a first metal trace of the substrate, and the first power input terminal of the second stage is connected to a second metal trace of the substrate. The first power input terminal of the first stage and the first power input terminal of the second stage are both provided with a first voltage level.

Abstract: A source driving circuit, a display apparatus and an operation method are provided. The source driving circuit includes a reference voltage generating circuit, a plurality of compensation circuits, a gamma voltage generating circuit and a digital to analog converter. The reference voltage generating circuit is configured to generate a plurality of gamma reference voltages. The plurality of compensation circuits are coupled to the reference voltage generating circuit and configured to generate a plurality of compensated gamma reference voltages according to the plurality of gamma reference voltages and a voltage associated with a common voltage. The gamma voltage generating circuit is configured to generate a plurality of gamma voltages according to the plurality of compensated gamma reference voltages. The digital to analog converter is configured to generate a plurality of data driving voltages corresponding to image data according to the plurality of gamma voltages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving circuit for a gamma voltage generator of a source driver. The gamma voltage generator includes a resistor string having a plurality of tap nodes, among which a plurality of first tap nodes are respectively connected to a plurality of first buffers. The driving circuit includes a second buffer, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a control circuit. The second buffer is connected to a second tap node other than the plurality of first tap nodes among the plurality of tap nodes. The DAC is coupled to the second buffer. The control circuit, coupled to the DAC, is configured to receive a plurality of first control signals for the plurality of first buffers and calculate a second control signal for the DAC according to the plurality of first control signals.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a slew rate enhancement apparatus that is connected to an operational amplifier that receives an input signal and generates an output signal according to the input signal for driving a pixel. The slew rate enhancement apparatus comprises a signal edge detector, a comparator, an adjustment unit. The signal edge detector is coupled to the operational amplifier and configured to detect a signal edge and outputting a difference signal corresponding to a difference between the input and output signals. The comparator is coupled to the signal edge detector to receive the difference signal and configured to generate a control signal according to the difference signal. The adjustment unit is coupled to the comparator to receive the control signal, and configured to couple a compensation signal generated by a current source to the operational amplifier according to the control signal to enhance a slew rate of the operation amplifier.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate and a display driver chip bonded on the substrate. The display driver chip includes a plurality of operational amplifiers, and each of the operational amplifiers has a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes a first power input terminal. The second stage includes a first power input terminal and an output terminal for outputting an output voltage. The first power input terminal of the first stage is connected to a first metal trace of the substrate, and the first power input terminal of the second stage is connected to a second metal trace of the substrate. The first power input terminal of the first stage and the first power input terminal of the second stage are both provided with a first voltage level.

Abstract: An operational amplifier includes a first differential input pair, a first switch and a second switch. The first differential input pair includes a first input transistor and a second input transistor. The first input transistor has a gate terminal coupled to an output terminal of the operational amplifier. The second input transistor has a gate terminal. The first switch is coupled between the gate terminal of the first input transistor and the gate terminal of the second input transistor. The second switch is coupled between a first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the gate terminal of the second input transistor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving circuit for a gamma voltage generator of a source driver. The gamma voltage generator includes a resistor string having a plurality of tap nodes, among which a plurality of first tap nodes are respectively connected to a plurality of first buffers. The driving circuit includes a second buffer, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a control circuit. The second buffer is connected to a second tap node other than the plurality of first tap nodes among the plurality of tap nodes. The DAC is coupled to the second buffer. The control circuit, coupled to the DAC, is configured to receive a plurality of first control signals for the plurality of first buffers and calculate a second control signal for the DAC according to the plurality of first control signals.

Abstract: A source driver for a panel includes a plurality of driver cells. Each of the driver cells includes an output driver, a plurality of bias voltage generators and a selector. The output driver is configured to output a plurality of display data to the panel. The plurality of bias voltage generators is coupled to the output driver. Each of the bias voltage generators is configured to provide at least one bias voltage for the output driver. The selector, coupled to the output driver, is configured to select the bias voltage from one of the bias voltage generators to be provided for the output driver according to the plurality of display data.

Abstract: A knee voltage detector for a flyback converter is provided. The knee voltage detector comprises a delay unit, for delaying an auxiliary related voltage for a specific period, to generate a delay signal; a subtracting unit, for generating a subtraction signal according to the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal; a comparing unit, for generating a sampling signal when the subtraction signal indicates that a voltage difference between the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal is greater than a threshold; and a sample and hold unit, for sampling the delay signal to generate a knee voltage according to the sampling signal when the voltage difference between the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal is greater than the threshold.

Abstract: A knee voltage detector for a flyback converter is provided. The knee voltage detector comprises a delay unit, for delaying an auxiliary related voltage for a specific period, to generate a delay signal; a subtracting unit, for generating a subtraction signal according to the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal; a comparing unit, for generating a sampling signal when the subtraction signal indicates that a voltage difference between the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal is greater than a threshold; and a sample and hold unit, for sampling the delay signal to generate a knee voltage according to the sampling signal when the voltage difference between the auxiliary related voltage and the delay signal is greater than the threshold.

Abstract: A waterproof, dustproof, breathing bolt includes a bolt body having a hollow shank with a breathing chamber and a cap member fixedly located at the top side of the hollow shank and defining therein an air passage in communication with the breathing chamber and one or a number of openings in communication between the air passage and the surroundings, and a waterproof breathing member made out of a metal material by powder metallurgy and set in between the breathing chamber and the air passage and having micro pores therein of size larger than air molecules but smaller than water molecules. Thus, the waterproof breathing member allows discharge of hot air out of the apparatus in which the waterproof, dustproof, breathing bolt is installed, but prohibits external water from entering the apparatus.

Abstract: An AC-DC converting apparatus and operating method are provided. The AC-DC converting apparatus includes a transformer, a first energy storage unit, a first output switch, a second energy storage unit, a second output switch and a secondary-side control module. The transformer includes a primary-side winding and a secondary-side winding. The first output switch is coupled between the secondary-side winding and the first energy storage unit. The second output switch is coupled between the secondary-side winding and the second energy storage unit. The secondary-side control module monitors the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit, and decides time length of a conduction period of the first output switch and the second output switch according to the monitoring result.

Abstract: A multi-level comparator with fixed power consumption is disclosed. By using the switch character of differential pair and parallelizing single side of common source amplifier with multi-level input, the power of the multi-level comparator can be fixed by the current bias. This result shows that the multi-level comparator is able to heighten input stages at fixed power. Therefore, the multi-level comparator has the functionalities of several different comparators while maintaining fixed power consumption.