Abstract: An intelligent smog-penetrating optical imaging detection device and a method of thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectric imaging. The intensity information, the spectrum information, and the polarization information of light are organically combined, the three functions of intensity imaging, spectrum imaging and polarization imaging can be achieved, traditional imaging detection is beneficially supplemented, smog can be penetrated, the image contrast of imaging is improved, and therefore the working distance is increased. The intensity information reflects the detection distance, the target shape, the target size and the like; the spectrum information reflects material components, surface morphology and the like of a space target; the polarization information reflects the material and roughness of the target and the contrast with the background; and the intensity, spectrum and polarization three-dimensional information is jointly applied, the image contrast can be increased by 2-3 times.

Abstract: A food or beverage container coating composition, coated article, and method of coating, wherein the coating composition comprises: a film-forming polymer; and a resole phenolic resin comprising the reaction product of components comprising an aldehyde and a phenol group-containing compound, wherein the phenol group-containing compound comprises one or more phenyl rings (preferably, two or more phenyl rings), at least two hydroxy groups, each of which is directly bonded to the one or more phenyl rings, and at least four (preferably, at least five) open sites ortho and/or para to the hydroxy groups; wherein the composition is thermally curable.

Abstract: Polyester materials, methods for making polyesters materials, and uses of the polyester materials in binder materials and articles of manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a polyester solution, including mixing monomers of at least one organic acid containing at least three carboxylic groups and at least one multi-hydroxyl alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a first temperature, polymerizing the monomers at the first temperature until reaching an acid value from about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g, adjusting the temperature to a second temperature less than the first temperature, and forming the polyester solution. The polyester materials may be mixed with cross-linking materials to form binder materials. The binder material may then be used to form articles of manufacture.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde resins may be improved by incorporating therein polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol may be incorporated during pre-mixing, mid mixing, and/or post mixing of the resin components. Resins prepared using polyvinyl alcohol are particularly desirable in articles requiring improved mechanical strength and water resistance, as compared to similar resins prepared without the polyvinyl alcohol such as shingles.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde resins may be improved by incorporating therein polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol may be incorporated during pre-mixing, mid mixing, and/or post mixing of the resin components. Resins prepared using polyvinyl alcohol are particularly desirable in articles requiring improved mechanical strength and water resistance, as compared to similar resins prepared without the polyvinyl alcohol such as shingles.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde resins may be improved by incorporating therein polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol may be incorporated during pre-mixing, mid mixing, and/or post mixing of the resin components. Resins prepared using polyvinyl alcohol are particularly desirable in articles requiring improved mechanical strength and water resistance, as compared to similar resins prepared without the polyvinyl alcohol such as shingles.

Abstract: Polyester materials, methods for making polyesters materials, and uses of the polyester materials in binder materials and articles of manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a polyester solution, including mixing monomers of at least one organic acid containing at least three carboxylic groups and at least one multi-hydroxyl alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a first temperature, polymerizing the monomers at the first temperature until reaching an acid value from about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g, adjusting the temperature to a second temperature less than the first temperature, and forming the polyester solution. The polyester materials may be mixed with cross-linking materials to form binder materials. The binder material may then be used to form articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Polyester materials, methods for making polyesters materials, and uses of the polyester materials in binder materials and articles of manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a polyester solution, including mixing monomers of at least one organic acid containing at least three carboxylic groups and at least one multi-hydroxyl alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a first temperature, polymerizing the monomers at the first temperature until reaching an acid value from about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g, adjusting the temperature to a second temperature less than the first temperature, and forming the polyester solution. The polyester materials may be mixed with cross-linking materials to form binder materials. The binder material may then be used to form articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Polyester materials, methods for making polyesters materials, and uses of the polyester materials in binder materials and articles of manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a polyester solution, including mixing monomers of at least one organic acid containing at least three carboxylic groups and at least one multi-hydroxyl alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a first temperature, polymerizing the monomers at the first temperature until reaching an acid value from about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g, adjusting the temperature to a second temperature less than the first temperature, and forming the polyester solution. The polyester materials may be mixed with cross-linking materials to form binder materials. The binder material may then be used to form articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Polyester materials, methods for making polyesters materials, and uses of the polyester materials in binder materials and articles of manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a polyester solution, including mixing monomers of at least one organic acid containing at least three carboxylic groups and at least one multi-hydroxyl alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to a first temperature, polymerizing the monomers at the first temperature until reaching an acid value from about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g, adjusting the temperature to a second temperature less than the first temperature, and forming the polyester solution. The polyester materials may be mixed with cross-linking materials to form binder materials. The binder material may then be used to form articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Described is a method of preparing a cured, non-elastomeric polyurethane-containing film including: a) providing as a first component comprising a polyurethane material having isocyanate functional groups; b) providing as a second component a material having active hydrogen-containing functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate; c) combining the first and second components to form a reaction mixture; d) casting the reaction mixture onto a support substrate in a substantially uniform thickness to form a film thereon; e) heating the film on the support substrate to a temperature and for a time sufficient to yield a cured film; and f) removing the cured film from the support substrate to yield a non-elastomeric polyurethane-containing free film. The free film is non-birefringent. Optical elements and articles prepared from the films are also provided.

Abstract: A curable composition including a curable organic binder and organic particles that are not expanded or expandable is disclosed. The particles are rigid at or below a first temperature and become soft at temperatures at which the organic binder is cured. Methods for printing substrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pigmented curable composition adapted for decorating ceramic substrates (e.g., glass bottles) comprises curable organic binder and solid spherical particles (glass or polymer) having diameters of 10 to 50 microns for facilitating overprinting of additional layers. The preferred embodiment comprises: (a) reactive organic resin component in which epoxy groups comprise the major reactive functionality; (b) amino-functional curing agent; (c) blocked polyisocyanate; and (d) 5 to 35 percent solid spherical particles having diameters of 10 to 50 microns.

Abstract: A pigmented curable composition adapted for decorating ceramic substrates (e.g., glass bottles) comprises curable organic binder and solid spherical particles (glass or polymer) having diameters of 10 to 50 microns for facilitating overprinting of additional layers. The preferred embodiment comprises: (a) reactive organic resin component in which epoxy groups comprise the major reactive functionality; (b) amino-functional curing agent; (c) blocked polyisocyanate; and (d) 5 to 35 percent solid spherical particles having diameters of 10 to 50 microns.

Abstract: Methods for coating a ceramic substrate with a colored composition, including at least one curable organic binder and at least one colorant, and a substantially clear coating composition are disclosed. The first applied coating further comprises a plurality of spacer particles.

Abstract: A curable composition including a curable organic binder and particles is disclosed. The particles are rigid at or below a first temperature and become soft at temperatures at which the organic binder is cured. Methods for printing substrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pigmented curable composition adapted for decorating ceramic substrates (e.g., glass bottles) comprises curable organic binder and solid spherical particles (glass or polymer) having diameters of 10 to 50 microns for facilitating overprinting of additional layers. The preferred embodiment comprises: (a) reactive organic resin component in which epoxy groups comprise the major reactive functionality; (b) amino-functional curing agent; (c) blocked polyisocyanate; and (d) 5 to 35 percent solid spherical particles having diameters of 10 to 50 microns.

Abstract: A method comprising heating to elevated temperature a ceramic substrate having thereon a sequence of coatings of pigmented coating compositions wherein each of said pigmented coating compositions comprises: (a) reactive organic resin which is polyhydroxy-functional, polyepoxy-functional, or both epoxy-functional and hydroxy-functional; (b) reactive wax; (c) color-imparting pigment; and (d) blocked polyisocyanate; wherein: (e) the pigmented coating composition of at least one coating of the sequence is substantially free of amino-functional curing agent; and (f) the pigmented coating composition of at least one other coating of the sequence further comprises amino-functional curing agent; to crosslink all of the pigmented coating compositions of the coatings of the sequence and to adhere the sequence to the ceramic substrate. The preferred ceramic substrates are glass bottles.

Abstract: Described is a method of electrochemically converting .alpha.-halohydrins, e.g., 1-chloro-2-hydroxypropane and 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, to epoxides, e.g., propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin. A three compartment electrolytic cell is provided having (1) a catholyte compartment containing a cathode assembly comprising a cathode and an anion exchange membrane, (2) an anode compartment containing an anode assembly comprising either (a) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode and a current collecting electrode or (b) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode which is fixedly held between a hydraulic barrier and a current collecting electrode, and (3) an intermediate compartment separated from the catholyte and anode compartments by the anion exchange membrane and either (i) the hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode or (ii) the hydraulic barrier respectively. An aqueous solution of .alpha.

Abstract: Describes a method of electrochemically converting .alpha.-halohydrins, e.g., 1-chloro-2-hydroxypropane and 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, to epoxides, e.g., propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin. A three compartment electrolytic cell is provided having (1) a catholyte compartment containing a cathode assembly comprising a cathode and anion exchange membrane, (2) an anolyte compartment containing an anode assembly comprising an anode and a cation exchange membrane, and (3) an intermediate compartment partitioned from the catholyte and anolyte compartments by the anion and cation exchange membranes respectively. An aqueous solution of .alpha.-halohydrin is charged to the catholyte compartment, while hydrogen halide solutions are charged to the intermediate and anolyte compartments. Direct current is passed through the electrolytic cell and an aqueous solution comprising epoxide is removed from the catholyte compartment.