Abstract: An apparatus includes a laminate, the laminate including a dielectric layer having a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface, and a conductive layer forming a circuit element overlying the first surface of the dielectric layer. The apparatus further includes a magnetic layer over the conductive layer. A first edge surface of the magnetic layer is coplanar with a first edge surface of the laminate, and a second edge surface of the magnetic layer is coplanar with a second edge surface of the laminate.

Abstract: Extremely fast dynamic control is allowed for hybrid PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) distributed power production using concentrated solar power by manipulating the transmissive or reflective state of a capture element or mirror or lens that can pass highly concentrated solar light from one energy conversion device to another, such as a thermal collector and a photovoltaic receiver, such as a vertical multijunction cell array. This allows superior quality electrical backfeed into an electric utility, enhanced plant electrical production revenue, and responsiveness to a multitude of conditions to meet new stringent engineering requirements for distributed power plants. The mirror or lens can be physically articulated using fast changing of a spatial variable, or can be a fixed smart material that changes state. A mechanical jitter or variable state jitter can be applied to the capture element, including at utility electric grid line frequency.

Abstract: Extremely fast dynamic control is allowed for hybrid PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) distributed power production using concentrated solar power by manipulating the transmissive or reflective state of a capture element or mirror or lens that can pass highly concentrated solar light from one energy conversion device to another, such as a thermal collector and a photovoltaic receiver, such as a vertical multijunction cell array. This allows superior quality electrical backfeed into an electric utility, enhanced plant electrical production revenue, and responsiveness to a multitude of conditions to meet new stringent engineering requirements for distributed power plants. The mirror or lens can be physically articulated using fast changing of a spatial variable, or can be a fixed smart material that changes state. A mechanical jitter or variable state jitter can be applied to the capture element, including at utility electric grid line frequency.

Abstract: A voltage source generator includes a light-transmissive component and a plurality of vertical multi junction (VMJ) cells. The light-transmissive component includes an inner space. The VMJ cells are disposed within the inner space of the light-transmissive component to receive light and perform light-to-electricity conversion. The VMJ cells are connected in series. The voltage source generator can generate a kV-level voltage and meet small-sized and low-cost demands. A voltage source module includes at least two voltage source generators connected to at least one electrical connector.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a vertical multi-junction (VMJ) cell and a passivation layer. The VMJ cell includes a plurality of PN junction substrates spaced from each other and a plurality of electrode layers. Each of the PN junction substrates includes a P+ type end surface, a P type end surface, an N type end surface, and an N+ type end surface. Each of the electrode layers is disposed between and connected to two adjacent PN junction substrates and has an exposing surface. The passivation layer covers the P+ type end surfaces, the P type end surfaces, the N type end surfaces, the N+ type end surfaces and the exposing surfaces to reduce a carrier recombination probability induced by absorbing sunlight. A method of manufacturing the solar cell includes providing a vertical multi-junction (VMJ) cell and forming a passivation layer on the VMJ cell.