Abstract: In a railway signalling system which transmits a control order to an on-board signalling system by a trackside signalling system, the on-board signalling system being mounted on a train running on a line and the control order being compliant with a signalling system of the line, the present invention allows the train to run through into lines with different signalling systems using a single on-board signalling system. When the train enters a line with a different signalling system from a current line, the on-board signalling system installs a train control application program compliant with the signalling system of the entering line. Then, the on-board signalling system executes the train control application program, allowing the train to be controlled on the entering line according to a control order created by the trackside signalling system of the entering line.

Abstract: A message that contains train on-track information and reservation information of a train detection section and direction information and reservation information of a switch is circulated among a train detector, switch machine, signal device controller and a route indicating device. Via a signaling message, the train detector transmits the train detection result to the signal device controller and the route indicating device, the switch machine can transmit switch condition to the signal device controller, the route indicating device transmits route reservation to the switch machine and the signal device controller. Based on the transmitted train detection result, switch condition and route reservation condition, the signal device controller transmits travel permission or travel non-permission for the assigned route to a train.

Abstract: In a railway signalling system which transmits a control order to an on-board signalling system by a trackside signalling system, the on-board signalling system being mounted on a train running on a line and the control order being compliant with a signalling system of the line, the present invention allows the train to run through into lines with different signalling systems using a single on-board signalling system. When the train enters a line with a different signalling system from a current line, the on-board signalling system installs a train control application program compliant with the signalling system of the entering line. Then, the on-board signalling system executes the train control application program, allowing the train to be controlled on the entering line according to a control order created by the trackside signalling system of the entering line.

Abstract: Trains and points are patrolled by a telegram containing the block occupancy information as a section that only one train is permitted to occupy, the information for giving lock position instructions to a point, and the point position information. This telegram is updated in order to get the right of block occupancy that is not held by other trains, and to give lock position instruction to the point. The train checks the block which this train is allowed to occupy, confirms that the point in this block has been set to the lock position specified by this train. Reading the aforementioned telegram, the point checks the lock position instruction given to itself and controls its lock position. A signaling system characterized by reduced designing and manufacturing costs is provided.

Abstract: A message that contains train on-track information and reservation information of a train detection section and direction information and reservation information of a switch is circulated among a train detector, switch machine, signal device controller and a route indicating device. The train detector updates train on-track information of a train detection section contained in the signaling message, the switch machine updates switch direction information in the signaling message, and the route indicating device updates reservation information of the train detection section and the switch contained in the signaling message.

Abstract: A signaling safety system includes transmitter-receiver units for ground-train communication by radio in regular safety operation mode, using a base station and an antenna. The position of each train car is communicated from the cars to a ground train controller which detects the presence of a train on-rail. Based on the latter information, information is transmitted from the controller to each of the cars regarding corresponding speed limits. In addition to such radio transmitter-receivers, the signaling safety system also includes additional communication devices, such that, when each of the cars approaches a specific range, car information from each of the cars can be received by the controller, by communication between ground communication devices and an on-train communication device which are installed so as to communicate with each other. Concurrently with the regular safety operation, by the alternative safety system, the presence on-rail of each of the cars is controlled for each new block section.

Abstract: Trains and points are patrolled by a telegram containing the block occupancy information as a section that only one train is permitted to occupy, the information for giving lock position instructions to a point, and the point position information. This telegram is updated in order to get the right of block occupancy that is not held by other trains, and to give lock position instruction to the point. The train checks the block which this train is allowed to occupy, confirms that the point in this block has been set to the lock position specified by this train. Reading the aforementioned telegram, the point checks the lock position instruction given to itself and controls its lock position. A signaling system characterized by reduced designing and manufacturing costs is provided.

Abstract: In order to propose a method of promptly judging movement of a train between block sections with a minimum number of transponders, an on-ground train control part for controlling operation of a train; an on-ground communication means capable of performing communication of information by coming within a specified range; and a sending-and-receiving part capable of sending the information received by the on-ground communication device to the on-ground train control part and receiving the information sent from the on-ground train control part, are provided, thereby, a position of presence of train is grasped by receiving a speed of the train using the on-ground communication means when the on-train communication means attached to the train comes near.

Abstract: Even if any failure occurs in radio in the regular safety, confirmation of train existence on-rail and safety control can be continued by a backup system in the substitutive safety. To a signaling safety system that by ground-train communication by radio in the regular safety using a base station 102 and an antenna 107, the position of each of cars 100 is notified to a ground train controller 101 as information of existence on-rail from the cars 100 and on the basis of the information of existence on-rail, information of speed restriction is transmitted from the controller 101 to each of the cars 100, a substitutive safety system that when each of the cars 100 approaches its specific range, by communication between ground communication devices 103 and 104 and an on-train communication device which are installed so as to communicate with each other, car information from each of the cars 100 can be received by the controller is newly added.

Abstract: In order to propose a method of promptly judging movement of a train between block sections with a minimum number of transponders, an on-ground train control part for controlling operation of a train; an on-ground communication means capable of performing communication of information by coming within a specified range; and a sending-and-receiving part capable of sending the information received by the on-ground communication device to the on-ground train control part and receiving the information sent from the on-ground train control part, are provided, thereby, a position of presence of train is grasped by receiving a speed of the train using the on-ground communication means when the on-train communication means attached to the train comes near.

Abstract: A train control method and apparatus for controlling the movement of trains with high safety by detecting trains on sections of track by an electronic blocking system. A wayside communication element (wayside transponder) 5 is placed in each block section on a track on which a train 1 runs. A cab communication element (cab transponder) 3 which can communicate with the wayside communication elements on the track is placed on the train 1. When receiving a train identifier (ID) from a train, a wayside control device transmits the current position information and the stop position information to the train. The cab communication element of the train 1 receives the current position information and the stop position information, creates a protection speed pattern between the current train position and the stop position from the received information, and limits the speed of the train 1 by the protection speed pattern.

Abstract: A train control method and apparatus for controlling the movement of trains with high safety by detecting trains on sections of track by an electronic blocking system.

Abstract: A stent is reversibly deformable between a lower-temperature shape and a higher-temperature shape in accordance with temperature changes in a patient's body. The stent has a hollow cylindrical body formed by a plurality of braided filament bodies made of a Ti—Ni alloy of excessive Ni. A lower-temperature shape memorizing process and a higher-temperature shape memorizing process are conducted to the hollow cylindrical body to memorize the lower-temperature and higher-temperature shapes, respectively. The crossing filament bodies are fixed only at the ends of the stent.

Abstract: A stent, a manufacturing method thereof and indwelling method thereof are provided, the stent being capable of increasing diameter change enlarging and contracting in accordance with temperature change for being freely selectable and applicable to different diameter of intracorporeal lacuna, thereby improving safety and reducing burden of treatment for patients. The stent has a hollow cylindrical body by braiding a plurality of filament body made of Ti—Ni alloy of excessive Ni. A lower-temperature shape memorizing process and a higher-temperature shape memorizing process are conducted to the hollow cylindrical body to memorize first shape of lower-temperature and second shape of higher-temperature having mutually different cylindrical diameter and the cylindrical diameter changes in accordance with temperature change. The crossing filament bodies are fixed only at both ends of the stent.

Abstract: A highly efficient, accurate and high performance modeling support system 100 for modeling a control model necessary for simulating a control object is provided, in which a plurality of data sets stored in a first data base 121 for use in modeling a plurality of control models is divided into a plurality of sub data groups each having least statistical disparity from each other by data divider 114, and stored in a plurality of sub data bases, respectively in second data base 122. Modeling means 115 constructs a control model using data in one of the plurality of sub data groups, which is then evaluated by model evaluator 116 using data in another one of said plurality of sub data groups.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus for a control system at which plural sensors are provided, comprises a means for extracting correlations among output signals from the predetermined groups of the sensors based on the output signals in the normal operations of the control system by such a means as a quantization method of quantizing a signal space, a means for making up an abnormal degree of the output signals from each predetermined group of the sensors by comparing output signals to be examined from each predetermined group of the sensors and the correlation corresponding to the group of the sensors, and a means for estimating the reliability of each sensor by using the abnormal degrees and for identifying the sensor outputting an abnormal signal.

Abstract: There is provided a catheter composed of a main body fitted with a shape memory alloy member and having a liquid injection means to supply warming liquid to have said member recover the original shape thereof.