Abstract: A metal hydride complex of the invention is a hydride complex of a metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium and iridium and has one or more aromatic carboxylic acid residues. According to the invention, there is provided a new metal hydride complex which is dissolved in an organic solvent having a low polarity such as a hydrocarbon solvent at a high concentration and has a high catalytic activity of hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds. The metal hydride complex relating to the invention is especially suitable as a catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction of a cycloolefin ring-opening polymer.

Abstract: A cycloolefin copolymer obtained by ring opening polymerization according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a specific structural unit and exhibiting a single peak in a derivative differential scanning calorimetry curve obtained by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), having a temperature width of the rising part in the peak of 35° C. or below, and having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 110° C. or above. The cycloolefin copolymer provided by the present invention has excellent heat resistance and optical properties, is suitable for the formation of a film or sheet therefrom, and can be stretched even at a relatively low temperature around the Tg without causing troubles such as cloudiness. A film or sheet comprising the cycloolefin copolymer, which has excellent optical properties and heat resistance and is also suitable for stretching even at a relatively low temperature, is also provided.

Abstract: A cycloolefin copolymer obtained by ring opening polymerization according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a specific structural unit and exhibiting a single peak in a derivative differential scanning calorimetry curve obtained by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), having a temperature width of the rising part in the peak of 35° C. or below, and having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 110° C. or above. The cycloolefin copolymer provided by the present invention has excellent heat resistance and optical properties, is suitable for the formation of a film or sheet therefrom, and can be stretched even at a relatively low temperature around the Tg without causing troubles such as cloudiness. A film or sheet comprising the cycloolefin copolymer, which has excellent optical properties and heat resistance and is also suitable for stretching even at a relatively low temperature, is also provided.

Abstract: A remote particle counter comprising a pulsed laser generator, laser light emitting optics, scattered light collecting optics, a high-sensitivity two-dimensional photo detector as a scattered light detecting portion having a fast gating capability such as a CCD camera, and a control and measure system, wherein suspended fine particles forming aerosols in the atmosphere which are far away from the site of laser emission are illuminated with laser light, the resulting backward scattered light from the individual fine particles is detected as image, and the number and size distribution of the suspended fine particles are measured at a remote site.

Abstract: A composition capable of forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film by a simple application/baking process, a process for forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film from the composition, a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film formed by the process, and electrodes formed of the films. A solution composition comprising a specific ruthenium complex. The coating film of this solution composition is heated in an atmosphere containing no oxygen or an atmosphere containing oxygen to form a metal ruthenium film or a ruthenium oxide film, respectively, and electrodes formed of the films.

Abstract: A remote particle counter comprising a pulsed laser generator, laser light emitting optics, scattered light collecting optics, a high-sensitivity two-dimensional photo detector as a scattered light detecting portion having a fast gating capability such as a CCD camera, and a control and measure system, wherein suspended fine particles forming aerosols in the atmosphere which are far away from the site of laser emission are illuminated with laser light, the resulting backward scattered light from the individual fine particles is detected as image, and the number and size distribution of the suspended fine particles are measured at a remote site.

Abstract: The efficiency of wavelength conversion of laser light can be improved by allowing incident laser light to pass through nonlinear optical crystals a multiple of times. In converting the wavelength of laser light to generate second- and higher harmonic waves, a returning mirror, a polarizer and nonlinear optical crystals are combined and the rotation of polarized light is utilized to allow the incident laser light to undergo multiple passes through the nonlinear optical crystals so that it can be converted in wavelength with higher efficiency.

Abstract: A composition capable of forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film by a simple application/baking process, a process for forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film from the composition, a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film formed by the process, and electrodes formed of the films.

Abstract: A fast gate scanning three-dimensional laser radar apparatus operating on such principles as fluorescence scattering, Raman scattering and differential absorption scattering, which uses a high-sensitivity, two-dimensional imaging CCD camera, an image intensifier or other two-dimensional photodetector suitable for use as a laser echo light signal receiver and detector that is designed to have a gating feature with short time slot, a fast gate scanning feature and a high frame (image capture) repetition rate so that a two- or three-dimensional spatial density distribution of fine particles, environmental pollutants, aerosols and other targets suspended in the atmosphere is acquired instantaneously whereas temporal changes in the direction, speed and flow of the distribution can be remotely monitored.

Abstract: The wavefront of laser light as it propagates through a medium is controlled so that not only the inherent aberrations in the wavefront of the laser light itself but also the aberrations that are progressively caused by passage of laser light through the medium are effectively corrected to achieve long-distance propagation of the laser light through the medium.

Abstract: The compensation amount of the pressure for keeping the index of refraction of the gas constant is calculated on the basis of the pressures and the temperatures that have been measured at different time. Only the pressure of the gas will be varied in accordance with the calculated compensation value of the pressure, whereby the index of the gas can be maintained constant and the oscillation frequency can be kept constant as the consequence. The pressure corresponding to a desired sweeping oscillation frequency is also calculated using the measured pressures and temperatures. The pressure of the gas is varied on the basis of the result of calculation. Synchronously with the variation of the pressure of the gas, the cavity length and the angle of the frequency selecting element are compensated.

Abstract: A method of producing a small expansion of laser light, in a pulse laser apparatus, including producing a small preliminary laser light by pumping a laser medium, and then, after an appropriate time lag, then pumping the preliminary laser medium at a higher intensity than the first pumping, thereby producing a laser light which is smaller in beam expansion than in the case where a preliminary pumping is not performed. The laser light which is smaller in beam expansion is due to the population inversion occurring in a small beam expansion part of pulse laser light obtained by the preliminary pumping.

Abstract: A method is, herein, disclosed for separating a specific isotope from a mixture of isotopes by first irradiating the isotope mixture with a highly monochromatic laser light that resonates only with the energy level of the specific isotope so as to increase its chemical activity and then bombarding said specific isotope with a molecule containing highly reactive atoms so as to form a spatially separated compound rich in the specific isotope.

Abstract: There is herein, disclosed a dye laser including a container for a dye solution and a pumping energy source coupled thereto, said dye solution containing a perimidone dye formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an aralkyl group or a phenyl group; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, tetrahydrofurfuryloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a benzyloxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a cyano group or an optionally substituted carbamoyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which may be the same or different are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: A process is, herein, disclosed for separating a particular isotope from a mixture of different isotopes by selective excitation and ionization of the particular isotope with a single laser beam, said process comprising heating the mixture, converting the resulting atomic vapor to a highly directional atomic beam by suitable means, causing said atomic beam to travel through a vacuum, crossing the atomic beam with a high-intensity laser beam having a specific wavelength, selectively exciting the particular isotope with a first photon having that specific wavelength while the other isotopes remaining in the ground state, allowing the excited isotope to absorb a second photon to be excited to a virtual energy level, causing the so excited isotope to absorb a third photon to ionize said isotope, and recovering the ionized isotope by use of an electric or electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A dye laser comprising a container retaining a dye solution for laser and an energy source for pumping connected to the container, the dye solution containing a pyrazoloazaxanthenoisoquinolinone dye.