Abstract: A gas diffusion layer includes: a conductive particle; and a fluororesin, and the fluororesin includes a first fiber having a first average fiber diameter and a second fiber having a second average fiber diameter different from the first average fiber diameter.

Abstract: A phenylphthalimide derivative represented by the following general formula is provided as a phenylphthalimide derivative useful against various cancers including multiple myeloma, wherein R1 is a group containing PEG or a hydroxy C1-5 alkoxy group binding to position 4 or position 5, R2 is an amino group at position 6, and R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryloxy group.

Abstract: Provided are a novel therapeutic or prophylactic agent for graft-versus-host disease, a novel agent for inhibiting fibrocyte infiltration, and a novel agent for inhibiting a decrease in tear secretion and a decrease of goblet cells. A method of treating or preventing graft-versus-host disease comprises administering a phenylbutyric acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need of treatment or prevention of graft-versus-host disease. It is preferable that the graft-versus-host disease be a graft-versus-host disease that manifests after bone marrow transplantation. It is preferable that the graft-versus-host disease be ocular graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract: A vehicle-interior illumination device for illuminating a cabin of a vehicle (1) includes a plurality of seat lamps (21-31) individually illuminating seats (3-11) in the cabin and operating units (21a-31a) for each seat arranged in the cabin so as to respectively correspond with the seat lamps (21-31). Each of the operating units (21a-31a) for each seat is provided with an area that is touchable by an occupant on corresponding seat and with another area that is touchable by occupants on adjacent seats, so as to turn on or off the corresponding seat lamp by touching the areas.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a medium which provides high media S/N and good corrosion resistance. According to one embodiment, in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium at least comprising a soft-magnetic underlayer, a seed layer, an intermediate layer, a magnetic recording layer and an overcoat layer which are stacked over a substrate in order, the magnetic recording layer has a granular structure which consists of many columnar grains of CoCrPt alloy and a grain boundary layer containing an oxide, the seed layer is made of TaNi alloy or TaTi alloy and the intermediate layer is made of Ru or Ru alloy which contains about 80 at. % Ru or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a medium which provides high media S/N and good corrosion resistance. According to one embodiment, in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium at least comprising a soft-magnetic underlayer, a seed layer, an intermediate layer, a magnetic recording layer and an overcoat layer which are stacked over a substrate in order, the magnetic recording layer has a granular structure which includes many columnar grains of CoCrPt alloy and a grain boundary layer containing an oxide, the seed layer is made of TaNi alloy or TaTi alloy and the intermediate layer is made of Ru or Ru alloy which contains 80 at. % Ru or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a medium which provides high media S/N and good corrosion resistance. According to one embodiment, in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium at least comprising a soft-magnetic underlayer, a seed layer, an intermediate layer, a magnetic recording layer and an overcoat layer which are stacked over a substrate in order, the magnetic recording layer has a granular structure which consists of many columnar grains of CoCrPt alloy and a grain boundary layer containing an oxide, the seed layer is made of TaNi alloy or TaTi alloy and the intermediate layer is made of Ru or Ru alloy which contains about 80 at. % Ru or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a medium which provides high media S/N and good corrosion resistance. According to one embodiment, in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium at least comprising a soft-magnetic underlayer, a seed layer, an intermediate layer, a magnetic recording layer and an overcoat layer which are stacked over a substrate in order, the magnetic recording layer has a granular structure which includes many columnar grains of CoCrPt alloy and a grain boundary layer containing an oxide, the seed layer is made of TaNi alloy or TaTi alloy and the intermediate layer is made of Ru or Ru alloy which contains 80 at. % Ru or more.

Abstract: To provide an atomic force microscopy which allows the measurement of the configuration of a surface being measured by using the phenomenon observed between the surface being measured and a probe approaching thereto at very fine distance. By selecting the material of the tip surface of said probe such that the surface energy of said probe tip becomes less than the interface energy between the tip surface and the surface being measured, thereby the surface configuration of soft body, or soft fouling adhered to the body surface can be measured. A method of measuring the surface configuration and a method of producing magnetic recording medium using the same are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic recording media made possible to improve reliability and durability of the magnetic recording media with an extremely thin overcoat. A magnetic recording media made by forming at least a magnetic coat and an overcoat on a substrate of non-magnetic magnetic disk on which surface a liquid lubricant having a structure of perfluoropolyether is coated, wherein average roughness of overcoat surface Ra is less than 0.8 nm, said overcoat being a diamond-like-carbon with a thickness in a range of 1.5-4.

Abstract: To provide an atomic force microscopy which allows the measurement of the configuration of a surface being measured by using the phenomenon observed between the surface being measured and a probe approaching thereto at very fine distance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic recording media made possible to improve reliability and durability of the magnetic recording media with an extremely thin overcoat. A magnetic recording media made by forming at least a magnetic coat and an overcoat on a substrate of non-magnetic magnetic disk on which surface a liquid lubricant having a structure of perfluoropolyether is coated, wherein average roughness of overcoat surface Ra is less than 0.8 nm, said overcoat being a diamond-like-carbon with a thickness in a range of 1.5-4.5 nm, and said lubricant on said carbon overcoat containing a lubricant component having a structure represented by chemical formula (1): (where, p=5-36, q=4-30, x=1-5).

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a high reliability of durability against frictional motion can be ensured even in a severe rubbing test, while a low noise characteristic important for achievement of high-density recording is kept. A first underlayer made of an alloy containing Co or Ni as a main component and containing Cr and Zr simultaneously is formed over a base, a second underlayer having a rough surface is formed on the first underlayer, a third underlayer made of an alloy containing Ni as a main component and containing Cr and Zr simultaneously is formed over the second underlayer, a fourth underlayer as a film for controlling crystalline orientation is formed on the third underlayer, a magnetic layer made of an alloy containing cobalt a main component is formed over the fourth underlayer, and a protective film containing carbon as a main component is formed on the magnetic layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic recording media made possible to improve reliability and durability of the magnetic recording media with an extremely thin overcoat. A magnetic recording media made by forming at least a magnetic coat and an overcoat on a substrate of non-magnetic magnetic disk on which surface a liquid lubricant having a structure of perfluoropolyether is coated, wherein average roughness of overcoat surface Ra is less than 0.8 nm, said overcoat being a diamond-like-carbon with a thickness in a range of 1.5-4.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition useful for making a photosensitive lithographic printing plate are made from a condensation product of sulfonyl chloride of o-benzoquinone diazide or o-naphthoquinone diazide and a polyhydric phenol resin obtained by condensing a polyhydric phenol such as 2-methyl resorcinol with an aldehyde or ketone.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition useful for making a photosensitive lithographic printing plate are made from a condensation product of sulfonylchloride of o-benzoquinone diazide or o-naphthoquinone diazide and a polyhydric phenol resin obtained by condensing a polyhydric phenol such as resorcinol with a benzaldehyde, an acetophenone, or a benzophenone.