Abstract: A paste for a reference electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes silver chloride powder and a carbon-based conductive material. The carbon-based conductive material may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and carbon black. The reference electrode formed of the paste for a reference electrode according to an exemplary embodiment may provide improved mechanical properties and electrochemical properties.

Abstract: A precursor for a positive electrode active material and a method of making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments a method includes forming precursor seeds for a positive electrode active material by a co-precipitation reaction while supplying a transition metal aqueous solution, an ammonium cationic complexing agent, and a basic compound to a reaction solution, and growing precursor particles for a positive electrode active material by a co-precipitation reaction while supplying a transition metal aqueous solution, an ammonium cationic complexing agent, and a basic compound to the reaction solution containing the precursor seeds, wherein the co-precipitation reaction to grow the precursor particles proceeds while continuously increasing feed rates of the transition metal aqueous solution and the ammonium cationic complexing agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an energy harvesting system for generating electrical energy by using a solar cell and a thermoelectric device. The energy harvesting system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a solar cell for generating electrical energy based on sunlight; an interface layer located under the solar cell and including a heat transfer layer for transferring heat generated by the solar cell; a thermoelectric device located under the interface layer, including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a thermoelectric channel located between the first and second electrodes, and configured to generate electrical energy based on a temperature difference between the first and second electrodes that occurs when heat generated by the solar cell is transferred to the first electrode through the heat transfer layer; and a cooling layer located under the thermoelectric device and cooling the second electrode to increase the temperature difference.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system including a plurality of vertically stacked dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device and an energy-storage device disposed on both sides of a substrate, and according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system may include a plurality of dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device that is formed as an electrode pattern on one side of a substrate and generates electrical energy by harvesting energy based on a temperature difference between a first side and a second side and an energy-storage device that is formed on the other side of the substrate and is selectively connected to the energy-harvesting device based on the electrode pattern to store the generated electrical energy.

Abstract: A paste for a reference electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes silver chloride powder and a carbon-based conductive material. The carbon-based conductive material may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and carbon black. The reference electrode formed of the paste for a reference electrode according to an exemplary embodiment may provide improved mechanical properties and electrochemical properties.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system including a plurality of vertically stacked dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device and an energy-storage device disposed on both sides of a substrate, and according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an integrated dual-sided all-in-one energy system may include a plurality of dual-sided all-in-one energy apparatuses, each including an energy-harvesting device that is formed as an electrode pattern on one side of a substrate and generates electrical energy by harvesting energy based on a temperature difference between a first side and a second side and an energy-storage device that is formed on the other side of the substrate and is selectively connected to the energy-harvesting device based on the electrode pattern to store the generated electrical energy.