Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a flight control apparatus, a system including the same, and a method thereof. An example embodiment of the present disclosure provides a flight control apparatus, including: at least one processor, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the flight control apparatus to determine, based on environmental information and based on variations of a parameter for each operation mode of an aerial vehicle, a flight path among at least one candidate path associated with a destination for the aerial vehicle.

Abstract: An auxiliary propulsion apparatus of an air vehicle may include an engine mounted in a fuselage of the air vehicle, a generator configured to be driven using power from the engine, a compressor configured to be driven by the engine or the generator, a battery configured to store electricity generated by the generator, an electricity distributor connected to the generator, the battery and the main propulsion apparatus and configured to distribute electricity generated by the generator to the battery and to a main propulsion apparatus, and at least one nozzle device configured to jet high-pressure gas, supplied from the compressor, to an outside of the fuselage.

Abstract: A filter holder comprises: a plurality of filter frames disposed such that at least some thereof are adjacent to each other; and a folding member which supports filter frames, from among the plurality of filter frames, adjacent to each other so as to be rotatable with respect to each other. The folding member comprises: a folding part which has a predetermined thickness and is flexible so as to be foldable by means of rotation of the adjacent filter frames adjacent with respect to each other; and a plurality of edge parts which are connected to the respective sides of the folding part with the folding portion therebetween and rotate together with the adjacent filter frames, and wherein when viewed from a cross-section of the folding member, the edge parts may have a greater thickness than the folding part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a brake disc including a braking part having a circular plate shape having a hollow portion and a plurality of coupling portions protruding and extending from an inner diameter surface thereof, and a hat part disposed in the hollow portion and having a plurality of insertion portions protruding laterally, in which the plurality of coupling portions is respectively coupled to the plurality of insertion portions, and the coupling portion of the braking part and the insertion portion of the hat part are joined to only one of an outboard portion or an inboard portion of the braking part. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce noise occurring at a position at which the hat part and the braking part are coupled to each other and improve cooling performance.

Abstract: An air filter comprises: a first filter frame in which a plurality of first chambers are formed; a second filter frame in which a plurality of second chambers are formed and which is arranged at the rear of the first filter frame; and a filter material which is accommodated in the plurality of first chambers and the plurality of second chambers to filter air, wherein the first filter frame and the second filter frame are arranged so that, when seen from the front, the center of each of the plurality of second chambers is out of line with the center of each of the plurality of first chambers, in the vertical direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an alkali metal ion conductive chalcogenide-based solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte prepared thereby, and an all-solid-state battery comprising the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a brake disc including a braking part having a circular plate shape having a hollow portion and a plurality of coupling portions protruding and extending from an inner diameter surface thereof, and a hat part disposed in the hollow portion and having a plurality of insertion portions protruding laterally, in which the plurality of coupling portions is respectively coupled to the plurality of insertion portions, and the coupling portion of the braking part and the insertion portion of the hat part are joined to only one of an outboard portion or an inboard portion of the braking part. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce noise occurring at a position at which the hat part and the braking part are coupled to each other and improve cooling performance.

Abstract: A brake disc, in which a hat part that is mounted on a hub and a disc part that provides friction surfaces with brake pads are made of different materials and are combined, includes: a plurality of bridges protruding and circumferentially arranged around an edge of the hat part for coupling to the disc part; a plurality of vanes defining a channel for air flow; and a plurality of coupling pillars, which are fixedly in contact with the bridges, respectively, arranged between a pair of disc plates. The coupling pillars are fixedly in contact with both sides of the bridges while exposing front ends of the bridges.

Abstract: Disclosed are a brake disk and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the brake disk may include a friction surface formed of cast iron, and the friction surface of the brake disk is divided into a plurality of sections in a circumferential direction. Preferably, an average of the numbers per unit area of eutectic cells formed on surfaces of the sections may not be greater than 300 ea/cm2.

Abstract: A brake disc, in which a hat part that is mounted on a hub and a disc part that provides friction surfaces with brake pads are made of different materials and are combined, includes: a plurality of bridges protruding and circumferentially arranged around an edge of the hat part for coupling to the disc part; a plurality of vanes defining a channel for air flow; and a plurality of coupling pillars, which are fixedly in contact with the bridges, respectively, arranged between a pair of disc plates. The coupling pillars are fixedly in contact with both sides of the bridges while exposing front ends of the bridges.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disc of heterogeneous materials, may include a disc device and a hub device formed in a cast-bonding manner using different materials, includes performing a first casting for casting the disc device using a grey cast-iron material, performing a preparation step by placing the disc device in a casting mold as an insert, performing a second casting for preparing a brake disc cast product by injecting molten aluminum alloy into the casting mold and casting the hub device to be cast-bonded to the disc device, and performing an oxynitriding process for forming an oxynitride layer by smoothing a surface of the brake disc cast product and performing heat treatment in a gaseous atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 425 to 500° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper friction material and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the paper friction material is configured such that dispersibility and bondability are increased between a filler and a matrix. The paper friction material which is suitable for use in a vehicle, includes a friction base including pulp and a coating layer formed on the friction base using a mixture of latex and a functional material. The OH reactive group of the pulp and the aromatic ring of the latex are hydrogen-bonded so that the friction base and the coating layer are coupled with each other.

Abstract: A solid type brake disc includes a hat part that includes a circular body that is fitted on a rotary shaft of a wheel and a plurality of hollow protrusions that are formed around the outer surface of the body and each have an internal space. The solid type brake disc also includes a friction part that includes a ring body that has a center hole and receives the hat part in the center hole and projections that protrude toward the hollow protrusions and are inserted in the internal spaces to be covered with the hollow protrusions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disc of heterogeneous materials, may include a disc device and a hub device formed in a cast-bonding manner using different materials, includes performing a first casting for casting the disc device using a grey cast-iron material, performing a preparation step by placing the disc device in a casting mold as an insert, performing a second casting for preparing a brake disc cast product by injecting molten aluminum alloy into the casting mold and casting the hub device to be cast-bonded to the disc device, and performing an oxynitriding process for forming an oxynitride layer by smoothing a surface of the brake disc cast product and performing heat treatment in a gaseous atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 425 to 500° C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disk made of gray cast iron is disclosed. The method includes casting a disk body using gray cast iron containing 3.1 wt % to 3.7 wt % of C; machining a surface of the cast disk body; nitriding the disk body by exposing the machined surface to a temperature in the range of 540° C. to 580° C. for 50 min to 70 min, and coating the nitrided disk body.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disk made of gray cast iron is disclosed. The method includes casting a disk body using gray cast iron containing 3.1 wt % to 3.7 wt % of C; machining a surface of the cast disk body; nitriding the disk body by exposing the machined surface to a temperature in the range of 540° C. to 580° C. for 50 min to 70 min, and coating the nitrided disk body.

Abstract: A vehicle brake pad includes a back plate layer, an underlayer, an adhesive layer that mediates between the back plate layer and the underlayer, and a friction material layer, wherein the vehicle brake pad does not include a shim and wherein at least one of the back plate layer, the adhesive layer, and the underlayer has a loss factor of 0.2 or higher, calculated according to the following Equation 1, at temperatures from ?100 to 300° to damp noise of a frequency range of 200 to 20,000 Hz at temperatures from ?100 to 300°: (Equation 1) Loss factor ?=(f2?f1)/f0, where ? is a loss factor, f0 is a noise frequency, f1 is a minimum value of amplitude of a noise frequency when a noise level is reduced by 3 dB, and f2 a maximum value of amplitude when the noise level is reduced by 3 dB.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disk made of gray cast iron is disclosed. The method includes casting a disk body using gray cast iron containing 3.1 wt % to 3.7 wt % of C; machining a surface of the cast disk body; nitriding the disk body by exposing the machined surface to a temperature in the range of 540° C. to 580° C. for 50 min to 70 min, and coating the nitrided disk body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake disc for vehicles including a ring-shaped disc part provided with an insertion space formed at the central region thereof, a hub part disposed within the insertion space and provided with recesses formed on the external circumferential surface thereof, and connection parts configured to connect the disc part and the hub part, wherein each of the connection parts is divided into a curved section extending from the internal circumferential surface of the disc part and having both curved side surfaces and a rectilinear section extending from the curved section, having both flat side surfaces and inserted into each of the recess, and widths of the curved section and the rectilinear section are decreased in a direction toward the hub part.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper friction material and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the paper friction material is configured such that dispersibility and bondability are increased between a filler and a matrix. The paper friction material which is suitable for use in a vehicle, includes a friction base including pulp and a coating layer formed on the friction base using a mixture of latex and a functional material. The OH reactive group of the pulp and the aromatic ring of the latex are hydrogen-bonded so that the friction base and the coating layer are coupled with each other.