Abstract: An information processing system having a character/pattern generator, in which outline information of a character/pattern expressed in a vector form is subjected to any of at least two sorts of coordinate transformations in accordance with an address allocation scheme of an output engine to-be-used. Besides, in generating and transferring character/pattern data of dot form for each of the outline information items of character/pattern parts in subregions into which a region of the character/pattern has been divided, the outline information of the character/pattern is divided in either of horizontal and vertical directions in data transfer unit in accordance with the address allocation scheme of the output engine to-be-used. Further, in transferring the character/pattern data of the dot form, addresses are updated in conformity with any of at least two address update schemes in accordance with the address allocation scheme of the output engine to-be-used.

Abstract: A display system uses a dual-port memory having a random access memory part and a serial access memory part as a frame buffer. Display data is transferred from the random access memory part to the serial access memory part in response to a timing signal of the data transfer. Just prior to the timing signal, an access start disable signal is generated, which has an active period being equal to or longer than an access cycle time of drawing data. When the access start disable signal is active, a draw access from a central processing unit, etc. to the dual port memory becomes disable. Further, address bits for a column of the memory are detected to become all zero and a predetermined value, so that the timing of a real time data transfer and the access start disable signal for the real time data transfer can be generated.

Abstract: A key input device including a plurality of keytops, with an elastic member being disposed between each keytop and a printed circuit board so as to be supported at a lower end portion thereof by an upper surface of the printed circuit board and pushed upwardly to cause the keytop to be biased upwardly. An engaging portion, provided on a main body of each keytop, prevents the keytop from coming out of a hole accommodating the respective keytops. The depressing stroke of the respective keytops can be defined by an upper casing an the printed circuit board regardless of the state of elastic deformation of the elastic member. An insulating substrate may be provided on the printed circuit board, with printed electrodes being formed on an upper surface of the insulating substrate in an opposed relationship to the keytops in such a manner that, when one of the keytops is depressed, the printed electrodes are brought into contact with the contact electrodes corresponding to the depressed keytop.

Abstract: In order to produce and store a pattern of reference words for use in a speaker-dependent speech recognition system, the system prompts the operator of the system to speak standard words in a predetermined sequence. For this purpose, a prestored standard word is spoken by the system with a predetermined length, power and rhythm, and the operator then repeats the standard words while attempting to simulate the same predetermined length, power and rhythm. The standard word repeated by the operator is detected and processed to determine whether it meets a certain resemblance criteria with respect to the standard word as spoken by the system. If the standard word repeated by the operator does not meet the resemblance criteria, the system repeats the same standard word to prompt the operator to try again; and, if the standard word repeated by the operator meets the resemblance criteria, it is stored as a reference word. This operation is repeated for each of the sequence of prestored standard words.

Abstract: Speech sound recognition is made using a reduced number of speech parameter elements, e.g., five correlation coefficients rather than sixteen spectral coefficients. The five correlation coefficients are derived from comparison of the spectral coefficients of unknown or standard sounds against the spectral coefficients of five highly-separable vowel-like sounds. Then, unknown-sound correlation coefficients are compared with standard-sound coefficients for recognition.

Abstract: Speech signal presence is decided if total signal power is above a first threshold, and if either low or high frequency components exceed thresholds as a large fraction of the total power. Total power is calculated as the zero-order auto-correlation coefficient, and fractional power of frequency components is calculated as the first-order partial auto-correlation coefficient.