Abstract: An ammonia manufacturing apparatus of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell including: a first reaction tank in which a reduction electrode is arranged and gaseous nitrogen is supplied; a second reaction tank in which an oxidation electrode is arranged and an electrolytic solution containing water or water vapor is supplied; and a diaphragm provided between the first reaction tank and the second reaction tank. In the ammonia manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment, the reduction electrode includes a reduction catalyst that reduces nitrogen to produce ammonia, a porous carbon material that supports the reduction catalyst, and an organic polymer material that binds the porous carbon material. The porous carbon material has pores with a BET average pore size of 1 nm or more and 15 nm or less.

Abstract: Electrothermal fluidized bed furnace useful particularly for chlorination of oxide of zirconium and the like utilizes graphite reactor tube longitudinally divided into a plurality of separate sectors by a corresponding number of longitudinal slits which are filled with insulating and refractory material. The reactor tube sectors are physically and electrically united at one end of the tube so that one or more pairs of opposite sectors are electroresistively heated while the intervening opposite sectors are left electrothermally unactivated for preventing short circuits which would otherwise result due to carbon fed together with the oxide. Owing to such electrothermal system, the furnace wall can be fluid-tightly sealed with use of metallic material for preventing harmful chlorine gas from leaking. Owing to such construction, the life of the graphite tube can be prolonged.