Abstract: The invention provides a negatively charged oxygen atom production system capable of generating a high concentration of negatively charged oxygen atoms at a lower temperature that used heretofore in the art. In the negatively charged oxygen atom production system (1), a fired oxide compact selected from the group of a fired cerium oxide compact, a fired cerium oxide.aluminum oxide compact, and a fired compact of a composite oxide of cerium oxide and calcium oxide-aluminum oxide is located together with a heating means (4) for that fired oxide compact.

Abstract: Acid water containing negative charge oxygen atoms and showing an acidity level higher than pH 5 is provided. Acid water of a pH level not lower than pH 5 is prepared by conveying negative charge oxygen atoms produced by heating a composite oxide enclosing active oxygen by themselves or by means of gas not reacting with water and contacting them with water.

Abstract: The invention provides a negatively charged oxygen atom production system adapted to heat a member comprising a calcium aluminate composite material for extraction of negatively charged oxygen atoms. The calcium aluminate composite oxide in a thin-film form is formed on a substrate comprising a zirconia plate or yttria-stabilized zirconia, and a heater for heating the member is formed near the thin film comprising said calcium aluminate composite oxide, or it is integrally formed within the substrate or near its surface. Alternatively, the calcium aluminate composite oxide in a thin-film form is formed on a steatite ceramic heater. The calcium aluminate composite oxide has calcium oxide and aluminum oxide at a molar rate of 12:7.

Abstract: The invention provides a gaseous organic compound disposal system comprising an oxidizing portion which dispenses with heating means and operates at normal temperature, and on or in which an oxidizing catalyst containing 12CaO.7Al2O3 is carried or filled at a position in contact with a gas feed containing gaseous organic compounds.

Abstract: Negatively charged oxygen atoms can be generated by the steps of (A) supplying oxygen to a surface of a solid electrolyte, at which the surface is provided an electrode A', while supplying electric current to the electrode A', to thereby form oxygen ions; (B) causing the oxygen ions formed in step (A) to be transmitted through the solid electrolyte; (C) forming negatively charged oxygen atoms at a surface of the solid electrolyte, an opposite surface on which the electrode A' is provided, by providing electric current to an electrode A on the opposite surface, to thereby produce negatively charged oxygen atoms from the oxygen ions; and (D) applying voltage to an electrode B spaced from the electrode A, in an amount sufficient to generate an electric potential between the electrode A and the electrode B, thereby causing the negatively charged oxygen atoms to move in the direction of the electrode B. The apparatus of the present invention can be used for the above method.

Abstract: A control system for an automatic transmission is constructed so that when failing to detect an operation of skid reduction control, an optimum hydraulic pressure value is determined based on a basic line pressure determined by throttle opening degrees, etc. and a correction value thereof, and an optimum hydraulic pressure signal is provided to a hydraulic pressure adjusting actuator. At this time, the correction value is modified so that a shift time upon current shift approaches a reference shift time. On the other hand, when detecting an operation of skid reduction control, at least modification of the correction value is prohibited.

Abstract: A pressure control apparatus which controls a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to a hydraulic servo system of an automatic transmission. The pressure control valve includes a shift control valve for controlling the hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the servo system upon receiving the feedback from the servo system and an accumulator disposed between the pressure control valve and the servo system through an orifice. The feedback portions of the pressure control valve have the same area with each other. Therefore, a build-up time of the hydraulic pressure to the servo system is kept constant without being effected by a line pressure and a back pressure of the accumulator.

Abstract: A method of detecting the condition of a liquid layer level in a case where a plurality of liquids are in a layer condition, such method of being capable of knowing each layer level condition even in a case where a system as a whole is high at temperature, pressure or dirt as well as emulsification are large in extent. In order to detect the layer condition, the measurement values of temperatures and so on in a system as a whole or the mathematically processed values of the measurement values are provided as inputs, the layer level condition at this time is outputted, processed by a neurocomputer so as to compose an input-output model. As the layer level condition at this time is adapted to be estimated with the use of the input-output model, the layer level condition may be properly detected even when a system as a whole is high at temperature, pressure or the dirt as well as the emulsification are larger in extent.