Abstract: The present invention provides a cation-modified galactomannan polysaccharide which gives excellent conditioning effects and gives good feeling and flexibility when it is used in a hair treatment composition, and improves feeling of use by conditioning effects and emulsification conditions when it is used in a skin cosmetic composition such as body cleansing agent. Concretely, the present invention provides a cation-modified galactomannan polysaccharide obtained by substituting some of hydroxyl groups contained in an cation-modified galactomannan polysaccharide which is nonionic polysaccharide and constitutes mannose as a main chain and galactose as a side chain and the composition ratio of mannose and galactose is 1:1 and obtained from albumen portion of a seed of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) which is a leguminus plant, with a specific quaternary nitrogen-containing group, and a cosmetic composition containing the cation-modified cation-modified galactomannan.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups 3, 4 and lanthanoid elements of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst. The catalytic activity can be maintained at a high level, and a phenyl ester is stably produced. The phenyl ester can be converted to phenol by a conventional procedure.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups IIIb, IVb, Vb and VIb of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups IIIa and IVa of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group VIb of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst. The catalytic activity can be maintained at a high level, and a phenyl ester is stably produced. The phenyl ester can be converted to phenol by a conventional procedure.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups 3, 4 and lanthanoid elements of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups IIIb, IVb, Vb and VIb of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups IIIa and IVa of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group VIb of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst. The catalytic activity can be maintained at a high level, and a phenyl ester is stably produced. The phenyl ester can be converted to phenol by a conventional procedure.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups 3, 4 and lanthanoid elements of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst. The phenyl ester can be converted to phenol by hydrolysis or ester exchange.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment process comprising adding ozone to raw water and filtering the raw water using an ozone-resistant membrane, wherein a concentration of ozone present in the water filtered through the ozone-resistant membrane is detected and an amount of ozone to be fed into raw water is continuously and automatically controlled so as to adjust an ozone concentration to a prescribed value.

Abstract: A phenyl carboxylate is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the coexistence of a palladium catalyst with at least one additive selected from alcohols, aldehydes, cyclic hydrocarbons and formic acid. By using the additive, the reduction of catalytic activity of the palladium catalyst with time is minimized.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exposure control device for a video camera having automatic gain control by which both stability and instantaneous regulation of exposure can be satisfied in accordance with a photographing scene. The exposure control device for the video camera has an iris diaphragm control which receives an electric signal output an image sensor through a preamplifier as an iris diaphragm detection signal and which controls the iris diaphragm based on the iris diaphragm detection signal. An automatic gain control circuit receives an electric signal output from an automatic gain control amplifier disposed subsequent a preamplifier as an automatic gain control detection signal and controls the gain of the automatic gain control amplifier based on the automatic gain control detection signal. A determination circuit determines the various states of a photographing scene based on a change of an electric signal output the image sensor caused by lapse of time.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electroluminescent element comprising an anode, a cathode and, disposed therebetween, an organic luminescent layer comprising a mixture of a fluorescent luminescent agent, at least one hole moving and donating agent capable of moving holes and donating the same to the luminescent agent and at least one electron moving and donating agent capable of moving electrons and donating the same to the luminescent agent. In the element, the components of the luminescent layer have specific oxidation potential and reduction potential relationships. The element emits light in response to electrical signals. The element exhibits high luminescence efficiency and brightness even at low voltages, and it can efficiently be produced at low cost.

Abstract: An exposure control apparatus receives a video signal from a scene pick-up image sensor and performs a divided brightness measuring for an image free. In accordance with the brightness distribution or a change amount of a scene obtained by the divided brightness measuring, the adjustment speed for a diaphragm is switched. In another embodiment, a scene brightness value for use as the exposure control is corrected to thereby obtain a smooth exposure control for continuous scenes. Scene pick-up by panning is detected by a built-in acceleration sensor in a video camera. Therefore, if the video camera is moved abruptly, then the exposure control is made slowly.

Abstract: A pre-measurement of the subject brightness is performed with a preset aperture value and a preset shutter speed, and a main measurement is performed with a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed that are determined based on the result of the pre-measurement in accordance with a program for the main measurement, wherein the aperture value is selected from among a relatively small number of predetermined aperture values. Thereafter, a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed for photographing is determined based on the result of the main measurement in accordance with another program, wherein the aperture value is selected among a larger number of predetermined aperture values, so that the number of changing aperture value and thus the time lag are remarkably reduced while achieving an accurate exposure control.

Abstract: This invention relates to a layered photoconductor having a charge generating layer and a charge transfer layer superimposed on an electroconductive substrate, which photoconductor has as the main component of the charge generating layer an aluminum phthalocyanine derivative which is represented by the formula, AlC.sub.32 N.sub.8 H(17-x)Cl.sub.x (wherein x=1.0 to 3.0), has the loss of weight on heating of 6.+-.0.5% by weight, shows strong X-ray diffraction peaks at 6.7 degrees, 11.2 degrees, 16.7 degrees, and 25.6 degrees, and shows the maximum absorption of the visible absorption spectrum in a wavelength range of 640 nm to 660 nm or 750 nm to 850 nm.The photoconductor according to this invention is highly sensitive without suffering from dispersion of performance, exhibits high sensitivity in various ranges of wavelength, and does not cause fogging in actual printing.

Abstract: Manufacture of orthomethylated phenol compounds by the reaction of phenol compounds having a hydrogen atom at the ortho position and methanol is accomplished advantageously by a method which effects the reaction by use of a catalyst comprising (A) iron oxide, (B) indium oxide, and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide and silicon oxide. According to this method, the reaction permits the orthomethylated phenol compound to be produced in high yields for a long time because of the catalyst's excellent activity-retaining property. Since the ortho-position selectivity and the utilization ratio of methanol are high and, consequently, the utilization efficiency of raw materials is high, the method of this invention produces the orthomethylated phenol compound with high efficiency from the phenol compounds.