Abstract: The invention relates to an optical transmitting device. Particularly, the invention provides a loss-of-signal detecting device that detects a loss of an optical signal received by a terminal station or a relay station, in the order of an SD and an SF.

Abstract: A power supply system for supplying a plurality of power-supply voltages to a load. The power supply system includes: a plurality of voltage output units which output the plurality of power-supply voltages; a gradient calculation unit which calculates the gradients of the plurality of power-supply voltages in intervals subsequent to certain moments immediately after the beginnings of rises of the plurality of power-supply voltages on the basis of the levels of the plurality of power-supply voltages at the moments; a gradient extraction unit which extracts the gentlest one of the gradients; and a power-supply control unit which controls the plurality of voltage output units so that the plurality of power-supply voltages rise with the gentlest one of the gradients.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical transmitting device. Particularly, the invention provides a loss-of-signal detecting device that detects a loss of an optical signal received by a terminal station or a relay station, in the order of an SD and an SF.

Abstract: A metal film is laminated on a glass substrate and a photosensitive resin film is coated on the metal film. The metal film and the photosensitive resin film are selectively removed by means of exposure and development in the area that turns into a transmission area in each pixel that is a unit displaying colors such as red, green, and blue. Thus, a reflection layer and an adjustment layer are left intact in a reflection area of each pixel. Color filters are formed on both the transmission area and the adjustment film. The total thickness of the reflection layer and the adjustment film is controlled to be about the half of the thickness of the color filters in the transmission area.

Abstract: A metal film is laminated on a glass substrate and a photosensitive resin film is coated on the metal film. The metal film and the photosensitive resin film are selectively removed by means of exposure and development in the area that turns into a transmission area in each pixel that is a unit displaying colors such as red, green, and blue. Thus, a reflection layer and an adjustment layer are left intact in a reflection area of each pixel. Color filters are formed on both the transmission area and the adjustment film. The total thickness of the reflection layer and the adjustment film is controlled to be about the half of the thickness of the color filters in the transmission area.

Abstract: Surface treated metal materials with corrosion-resistant coating layers composed mainly of oxyacid compounds of rare earth elements (lanthanum, cerium, etc.) or Group IVA elements (zirconium, etc.), oxyacids or mixtures thereof. The corrosion resistant coating layers may also contain resins. Also provided are corrosion resistant coating layers containing rare earth element and Group IVA element compounds in resin matrixes. The corrosion resistant coating layers, particularly inorganic layers, may be covered with resin layers.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet is provided, at a low cost, which has high weldability and is useful for a material of containers of foods and beverages. The surface treatment is conducted by applying flattened granular tin coating deposits having a specified diameter and high adhesion on a steel sheet surface at a specified plated area ratio, and applying thereon a metallic chromium coating and a chromium hydrate oxide coating.In the surface treatment, firstly, the surface of a steel sheet is subjected to tin-plating in an acidic tin plating bath containing a conventionally used brightener in an amount of from 0,001 to 0.05 g/l so as to form flattened granular tin coating deposits having a diameter of 0.4-2.4 .mu. at a plated area ratio of 5 to 30% and to improve the adhesion to the steel sheet and decrease falling-off of the granular tin coating deposits until completion of chrome-plating, thereby the variation of the amount of tin coating being decreased.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet is provided, at a low cost, which has high weldability and is useful for a material of containers of foods and beverages. The surface treatment is conducted by applying flattened granular tin coating deposits having a specified diameter and high adhesion on a steel sheet surface at a specified plated area ratio, and applying thereon a metallic chromium coating and a chromium hydrate oxide coating.In the surface treatment, firstly, the surface of a steel sheet is subjected to tin-plating in an acidic tin plating bath containing a conventionally used brightener in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.05 g/1 so as to form flattened granular tin coating deposits having a diameter of 0.4-2.4 .mu. at a plated area ratio of 5 to 30% and to improve the adhesion to the steel sheet and decrease falling-off of the granular tin coating deposits until completion of chrome-plating, thereby the variation of the amount of tin coating being decreased.

Abstract: An article storing apparatus including rotary storing units having an elongate endless transport path formed on a long frame-shaped base. Elongate, endless inner and outer support devices are provided on the base, with an endless clearance defined between the inner and outer support devices. Below the inner support device are provided a travel element disposed in corresponding relation to the clearance and drive mechanism for driving the travel element. A plurality of article support elements of disc shape are supported over the inner and outer support devices. Individual article support elements are connected to the travel element by coupling members passing through the clearance. A plurality of storing units are arranged in parallel, and corner portions of each storing unit at one end thereof are formed as an article receiving/discharging station.