Abstract: Crude containing a comparatively large content of nickel, vanadium, or carbon residue is treated so as to supply a raw material to a downstream catalytic cracking process. A primary distillation tower fractionates first crude into a residue fraction partly used as raw oil of a catalytic cracking process and other fractions. A secondary distillation tower fractionates second crude containing a larger content of a catalytic poison with respect to catalysts used in the catalytic cracking process than the first crude into a light fraction included in a distillation temperature range of the other fractions and a heavy fraction as a rest thereof. A light fraction supply line supplies the light fraction to the primary distillation tower so as to be treated in the primary distillation tower.

Abstract: Crude containing a comparatively large content of nickel, vanadium, or carbon residue is treated so as to supply a raw material to a downstream catalytic cracking process, A primary distillation tower fractionates first crude into a residue fraction partly used as raw oil of a catalytic cracking process and other fractions. A secondary distillation tower fractionates second crude containing a larger content of a catalytic poison with respect to catalysts used in the catalytic cracking process than the first crude into a light fraction included in a distillation temperature range of the other fractions and a heavy fraction as a rest thereof. A light fraction supply line supplies the light fraction to the primary distillation tower so as to be treated in the primary distillation tower.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a liquid crystal panel containing an effective pixel region that is configured to emit light corresponding to an image; and a frame member provided on a light emission side of the liquid crystal panel, and having an opening opposed to the effective pixel region of the liquid crystal panel. An edge portion of the opening of the frame member is formed of a low-reflection material having a reflectance of less than about 1.5% to green light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a liquid crystal panel containing an effective pixel region that is configured to emit light corresponding to an image; and a frame member provided on a light emission side of the liquid crystal panel, and having an opening opposed to the effective pixel region of the liquid crystal panel. An edge portion of the opening of the frame member is formed of a low-reflection material having a reflectance of less than about 1.5% to green light.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a light source; a liquid crystal display device; and a projection lens projecting light modulated by the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer, a pixel electrode section having two-dimensionally disposed pixel apertures through which light can pass, and first and second microlens arrays formed on a light entering side and a light exiting side of the device with respect to the liquid crystal layer, respectively, and being a two-dimensional array of first and second microlenses provided in association with the pixel apertures, respectively. The F-number of the first microlenses is set at a value equal to or greater than that of the projection lens. The first and second microlenses are disposed such that the groups of microlenses are located in the focus position of each other.

Abstract: [Task] To provide a crude treatment system which treats crude containing a comparatively large content of nickel, vanadium, or carbon residue so as to supply a raw material to a downstream catalytic cracking process. [Means for Resolution] A primary distillation tower 11 fractionates first crude into a residue fraction partly used as raw oil of a catalytic cracking process and other fractions. A secondary distillation tower 21 fractionates second crude containing a larger content of a catalytic poison with respect to catalysts used in the catalytic cracking process than the first crude into a light fraction included in a distillation temperature range of the other fractions and a heavy fraction as a rest thereof. A light fraction supply line supplies the light fraction to the primary distillation tower 11 so as to be treated in the primary distillation tower 11.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes: an active matrix substrate formation step of forming an active matrix substrate, wherein the active matrix substrate formation step includes a first step of forming a microlens array having a plurality of microlenses on a transparent substrate, a second step of forming an oxide film on the microlens array, a third step of forming a TFT array having a plurality of TFT devices above the oxide film, and a fourth step of forming a light-blocking film selectively to define pixel openings.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display apparatus includes: alight source; a liquid crystal display device; and a projection lens projecting light modulated by the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer, a pixel electrode section having two-dimensionally disposed pixel apertures through which light can pass, and first and second microlens arrays formed on a light entering side and a light exiting side of the device with respect to the liquid crystal layer, respectively, and being a two-dimensional array of first and second microlenses provided in association with the pixel apertures, respectively. The F-number of the first microlenses is set at a value equal to or greater than that of the projection lens. The first and second microlenses are disposed such that the groups of microlenses are located in the focus position of each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector in which light is effectively used and an excellent picture can be obtained is provided. In the liquid crystal projector, dichroic mirrors arranged at different angles are used to separate white light into beams of light of three primary colors of R, G, and B, and the respective beams of light are incident on microlenses at different angles. The respective beams of light of the three primary colors are distributed by the microlenses to optical components corresponding to pixels, and highly collimated light beams can be obtained by the optical components. Since the highly collimated light beams are made incident on the pixels of the liquid crystal panel, the beams can be certainly made incident on desired pixels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a liquid crystal display unit, which is capable of shortening, at the time of adhesively bonding and fixing a transparent substrate to a liquid crystal panel, curing time by eliminating any heating treatment, thereby preventing degradation of the display quality and also improving the productivity. The production method is performed by bringing a transparent substrate into close-contact with a liquid crystal panel with a light-curing resin put therebetween, to form an assembly, and irradiating the assembly with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 340 nm or more, to cure the light-curing resin for a short time. At this time, ultraviolet light having a wavelength ranging from 240 to 450 nm is emitted from an ultraviolet lamp, and an ultraviolet light component having a wavelength of less than 340 nm is shielded by a sharp cut filter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector in which light is effectively used and an excellent picture can be obtained is provided. In the liquid crystal projector, dichroic mirrors arranged at different angles are used to separate white light into beams of light of three primary colors of R, G, and B, and the respective beams of the light are incident on microlenses at different angles. The respective beams of light of the three primary colors are distributed by the microlenses to optical components corresponding to pixels, and highly collimated light beams can be obtained by the optical components. Since the highly collimated light beams are made incident on the pixels of the liquid crystal panel, the beams can be certainly made incident on desired pixels.

Abstract: A projection type color image display apparatus includes: a light source for emitting white light; a first optical element for dividing the white light into a plurality of colored lights and for converging each colored light to form a plurality of spots, the spots of each colored light being formed at different positions from the spots of the other colored light; a liquid crystal display element including a plurality of pixels, the pixels corresponding to the spots and modulating the respective colored lights, whereby an image displayed by the liquid crystal display element is carried by the colored lights; a second optical element for diffracting the colored lights modulated by the liquid crystal display element to make a principal ray of each colored light substantially parallel to a principal ray of the other colored light; and a third optical element for receiving the colored lights from the second optical element and for projecting the image displayed by the liquid crystal display element while the image

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention includes: a transmission type liquid crystal display device including a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein incident light is spatially modulated by selecting one of the plurality of pixels, a white light source for emitting white light; dichroic mirrors for splitting the white light emitted from the white light source into at least three bundles of rays of different wavelength bands, the bundles of rays going out from the dichroic mirrors at different angles; lenticular lens layers provided between the liquid crystal display device and the dichroic mirrors, the lenticular lens layers converging the bundles of rays led through the dichroic mirrors onto different ones of the plurality of pixels depending on the wavelength bands thereof, wherein the lenticular lens layers includes a first lenticular lens layer and a second lenticular lens l

Abstract: The present invention discloses an opposed substrate for use in a liquid crystal display element, for example. The opposed substrate is constructed by a transparent substrate, microlenses formed on the substrate, a bonding layer, and cover glass. An alignment film and transparent electrodes are formed on the cover glass. The microlenses and the bonding layer are formed by selected resins which have thermal resistance to high temperatures not lower than 150.degree. C., permit heating treatment for forming the alignment film, and satisfy the difference in the refractive indexes between the resins, .increment.n.gtoreq.0.1, so as to enable the microlenses to have a numerical aperture not lower than 0.1. It is thus possible to prevent the decomposition of resins and separation of the microlens in heat treatment and to provide a high-quality, highly reliable liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: In a method of producing a condenser lens substrate, after a first clear substrate and a second clear substrate where a micro-lens having a spherical surface or a lenticular lens is formed are stuck to each other, at least one of the clear substrates is ground. At this time, the clear substrate is ground so as to have a thickness that a focus of the micro-lens or the lenticular lens is positioned in the vicinity of the outer surface of the first or the second clear substrate. This makes it possible to form a micro-lens or a lenticular lens having a short focus in a substrate of a liquid crystal display element. As a result, when a condenser lens substrate is produced, a possibility of breakage of the clear substrate is eliminated, and handling and sticking of clear substrates become easy, thereby making it possible to improve mass-productivity of a condenser lens substrate.