Abstract: An intermediate coating composition used in forming an intermediate coating layer directly overlaid on a surface of an electrodeposition coating layer constructing a vehicle outer panel, the coating composition containing as resin components: (a) 1% to 27% by mass of a polycaprolactonetriol; (b) 20% to 60% by mass of a blocked isocyanate; and (c) 1% to 20% by mass of a melamine resin, each at a percentage content in entire resin components, and the coating composition further containing as a pigment component: (d) 1% to 10% by mass of talc in terms of pigment mass concentration. As the resin component, (e) greater than 0% to 10% by mass of an epoxy resin is preferably contained. A urethane curing catalyst is preferably contained in an amount of greater than 0.01 parts to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the entire resin components.

Abstract: An intermediate coating composition used in forming an intermediate coating layer directly overlaid on the surface of an electrodeposition coating layer constructing a vehicle outer panel, wherein a coating film obtained by curing of the intermediate coating composition alone has following characteristics (1) to (4): (1) a loss tangent (tan ?) at ?20° C. as determined from a measurement of a dynamic viscoelasticity under a condition involving a rate of temperature rise of 2° C./min and a frequency of 8 Hz being 0.01 to 0.5; (2) a dynamic glass transition temperature being ?15° C. to 55° C.; (3) percentage of elongation at ?20° C. being 1% to 250%; and (4) a Young's modulus at ?20° C. being 400 kgf/cm2 to 50,000 kgf/cm2. The coating film obtained from the intermediate coating composition preferably further has the following characteristic (5): a tensile strength at ?20° C. being 200 kgf/cm2 to 1,200 kgf/cm2.

Abstract: An intermediate coating composition used in forming an intermediate coating layer directly overlaid on a surface of an electrodeposition coating layer constructing a vehicle outer panel, the coating composition containing as resin components: (a) 1% to 27% by mass of a polycaprolactonetriol; (b) 20% to 60% by mass of a blocked isocyanate; and (c) 1% to 20% by mass of a melamine resin, each at a percentage content in entire resin components, and the coating composition further containing as a pigment component: (d) 1% to 10% by mass of talc in terms of pigment mass concentration. As the resin component, (e) greater than 0% to 10% by mass of an epoxy resin is preferably contained. A urethane curing catalyst is preferably contained in an amount of greater than 0.01 parts to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the entire resin components.

Abstract: This invention demonstrates a method and apparatus for learning and mastering a foreign language conversation in a short period of time, by hearing it spoken at variable rates. The methods of side-by-side translation of phrases, and accelerated and decelerated listening, are employed to this end. Appropriate apparatus are described which facilitate these methods. Using this language learning system effectively enhances the listener's power of concentration and information processing capability, resulting in improved language abilities.

Abstract: A ship's rudder has a main rudder body with a cross-sectional shape that is streamlined and symmetrical relative to the vertical center plane of the rudder. A pair of fins extend horizontally from opposite vertical surfaces of the rudder body, symmetrically arranged relative to the center plane of the rudder. The chord length of each fin decreases from a root of the fin toward the tip of the fin. The leading edges of the fins coincide at the center plane of the main rudder body, and are located at the same level as the center line of a propeller of the ship. The fins have winglets on their tip ends. One of the winglets is directed upwardly and the other winglet is directed downwardly.