Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member having a first surface and a coating layer located on the first surface. The coating layer may have a first layer and a second layer. The first layer may be located on the first surface, and the first layer may include aluminum oxide. The second layer may be contactedly located on the first layer, and the second layer may include a titanium compound. In a cross section orthogonal to the first surface, the first layer may include a first projection protruding toward the second layer and a first recess located on the first projection. The second layer may include a second recess engaged with the first projection and a second projection engaged with the first recess.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a plurality of first protrusions that project toward the Al2O3 layer, and a beam that extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusions project, to connect the first protrusions. A cutting tool of the present disclosure is provided with: a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and including a pocket on a side of the first end; and the above-described coated tool located in the pocket.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a first composite protrusion including a first protrusion that projects toward the Al2O3 layer and a second protrusion that projects from the first protrusion in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusion projects. A cutting tool of the present disclosure is provided with: a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and including a pocket on a side of the first end; and the above-described coated tool located in the pocket.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a composite protrusion including a first protrusion that projects toward the Al2O3 layer, a second protrusion that projects from the first protrusion in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusion projects, and a third protrusion that projects from the second protrusion in a direction intersecting the direction in which the second protrusion projects.

Abstract: A gas production apparatus including: an electrolysis vessel; first and second electrolyte circulation systems; and an electrolyte exchanger, the first/second electrolyte circulation system including: a first/second circulation tank receiving and storing a first/second electrolyte flowing out from an anode chamber/a cathode chamber; and a first/second circulation pump supplying the first/second electrolyte to the anode chamber/the cathode chamber, the electrolyte exchanger transferring part of the first electrolyte existing in the first electrolyte circulation system into the second electrolyte circulation system on one hand, and transferring part of the second electrolyte existing in the second electrolyte circulation system into the first electrolyte circulation system on the other hand.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member having a first surface and a coating layer may be located on the first surface. The coating layer may include a first layer having a plurality of ?-Al2O3 crystal particles. At least one of the ?-Al2O3 crystal particles has at least two regions with different orientations from each other.

Abstract: A gas production apparatus including: an electrolysis vessel; first and second electrolyte circulation systems; and an electrolyte exchanger, the first/second electrolyte circulation system including: a first/second circulation tank receiving and storing a first/second electrolyte flowing out from an anode chamber/a cathode chamber; and a first/second circulation pump supplying the first/second electrolyte to the anode chamber/the cathode chamber, the electrolyte exchanger transferring part of the first electrolyte existing in the first electrolyte circulation system into the second electrolyte circulation system on one hand, and transferring part of the second electrolyte existing in the second electrolyte circulation system into the first electrolyte circulation system on the other hand.

Abstract: Realized is a solid substance concentration managing method which allows quick detection of an abnormality in a chemical reactor. The present invention is an invention of a solid substance concentration managing method of managing a concentration of a solid substance which is contained in a residue that is discharged in a reaction product gas processing step included in a trichlorosilane producing method, the solid substance concentration managing method including a concentration measuring step of measuring the concentration of the solid substance which is contained in an after-crystallization residue that is obtained by crystallizing part of aluminum chloride.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a first composite protrusion including a first protrusion that projects toward the Al2O3 layer and a second protrusion that projects from the first protrusion in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusion projects. A cutting tool of the present disclosure is provided with: a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and including a pocket on a side of the first end; and the above-described coated tool located in the pocket.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a plurality of first protrusions that project toward the Al2O3 layer, and a beam that extends in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusions project, to connect the first protrusions. A cutting tool of the present disclosure is provided with: a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and including a pocket on a side of the first end; and the above-described coated tool located in the pocket.

Abstract: A coated tool of the present disclosure is provided with a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a TiCNO layer and an Al2O3 layer. The Al2O3 layer is located in contact with the TiCNO layer at a position farther from the base member than the TiCNO layer is. The TiCNO layer includes a composite protrusion including a first protrusion that projects toward the Al2O3 layer, a second protrusion that projects from the first protrusion in a direction intersecting a direction in which the first protrusion projects, and a third protrusion that projects from the second protrusion in a direction intersecting the direction in which the second protrusion projects.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member having a first surface and a coating layer located on the first surface. The coating layer may have a first layer and a second layer. The first layer may be located on the first surface, and the first layer may include aluminum oxide. The second layer may be contactedly located on the first layer, and the second layer may include a titanium compound. In a cross section orthogonal to the first surface, the first layer may include a first projection protruding toward the second layer and a first recess located on the first projection. The second layer may include a second recess engaged with the first projection and a second projection engaged with the first recess.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a substrate and a coating layer located on a surface of the substrate. The coating layer includes: a first titanium carbonitride layer located on the substrate; a second titanium carbonitride layer located on the first titanium carbonitride layer; and an aluminum oxide layer located on the second titanium carbonitride layer. The first titanium carbonitride layer includes a plurality of first protrusions protruding toward a side of the aluminum oxide layer. The second titanium carbonitride layer includes a plurality of second protrusions protruding toward a side of the aluminum oxide layer. A number of second protrusions is greater than that of the first protrusions.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a cutting tool includes a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a lower layer, an upper layer, and an intermediate layer located between the lower layer and the upper layer. The intermediate layer includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer contains TiCx1Ny1Oz1 (0?x1<1, 0?y1<1, 0<z1<1, and x1+y1+z1=1). The second layer contains TiCx2Ny2Oz2 (0?x2<1, 0?y2<1, 0<z2<1, and x2+y2+z2=1). The third layer is located between the first layer and the second layer, and contains TiCx3Ny3Oz3 (0?x3<1, 0?y3<1, 0?z3<1, and x3+y3+z3=1). Here, z1>z3 and z2>z3.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member having a first surface and a coating layer may be located on the first surface. The coating layer may include a first layer having a plurality of ?-Al2O3 crystal particles. At least one of the ?-Al2O3 crystal particles has at least two regions with different orientations from each other.

Abstract: A cutting insert may include a base member and a coating layer. The base member may include a first and second surface. The coating layer may be located on the base member. The coating layer may include a first layer containing ?-aluminum oxide, which is located above the first surface and the second surface. The first layer may include a first region located above the first surface, and a second region located above the second surface. When an angle formed by a normal line of a crystal plane (001) of the ?-aluminum oxide in the first layer and a normal line of the surface of the base member is a first inclination angle, a peak of a distribution of the first inclination angle in the first region is located at a lower angle side than a peak of a distribution of the first inclination angle in the second region.

Abstract: Realized is a solid substance concentration managing method which allows quick detection of an abnormality in a chemical reactor. The present invention is an invention of a solid substance concentration managing method of managing a concentration of a solid substance which is contained in a residue that is discharged in a reaction product gas processing step included in a trichlorosilane producing method, the solid substance concentration managing method including a concentration measuring step of measuring the concentration of the solid substance which is contained in an after-crystallization residue that is obtained by crystallizing part of aluminum chloride.

Abstract: A coated tool is, for example, a cutting tool which is provided with a base material and a coating layer located on the base material, wherein a cutting edge and a flank surface are located on the coating layer, the coating layer has a portion in which at least a titanium carbonitride layer and an aluminum oxide layer having an ?-type crystal structure are laminated in this order, and, with regard to a texture coefficient (Tc) (hkl) which is calculated on a basis of a peak of the aluminum oxide layer analyzed by an X-ray diffraction analysis, a texture coefficient (Tc1) (146) as measured from a surface side of the aluminum oxide layer in the flank surface is 1 or more.

Abstract: A coated tool is, for example, a cutting tool which is provided with a base material and a coating layer located on the base material, wherein a cutting edge and a flank surface are located on the coating layer, the coating layer has a portion in which at least a titanium carbonitride layer and an aluminum oxide layer having an ?-type crystal structure are laminated in this order, and, with regard to a texture coefficient (Tc) (hkl) which is calculated on a basis of a peak of the aluminum oxide layer analyzed by an X-ray diffraction analysis, a texture coefficient (Tc1) (4_0_10) as measured from a surface side of the aluminum oxide layer in the flank surface is 0.6 or more.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a substrate and a coating layer located on a surface of the substrate. The coating layer includes: a first titanium carbonitride layer located on the substrate; a second titanium carbonitride layer located on the first titanium carbonitride layer; and an aluminum oxide layer located on the second titanium carbonitride layer. The first titanium carbonitride layer includes a plurality of first protrusions protruding toward a side of the aluminum oxide layer. The second titanium carbonitride layer includes a plurality of second protrusions protruding toward a side of the aluminum oxide layer. A number of second protrusions is greater than that of the first protrusions.