Abstract: A method for manufacturing a forged article, capable of improving the durability of a die for forging is provided. The method, includes forging a steel material, by using a die, by spraying or applying a water-soluble polymer lubricant containing 0.01 to 0.98 mass % of a water-soluble sulfate onto a working surface of the die, the die being made of a raw material having a constituent composition of by mass %, of 0.4 to 0.7% of C, 1.0% or less of Si, 1.0% or less of Mn, 4.0 to 6.0% of Cr, 2.0 to 4.0% of (Mo+½W), 0.5 to 2.5% of (V+Nb), 0 to 1.0% of Ni, 0 to 5.0% of Co, 0.02% or less of N, and a remnant composed of Fe and impurities, and having hardness of 55 to 60 HRC, and the die including a nitrided layer or a nitrosulfidized layer on the working surface thereof.

Abstract: Atomic diffusion bonding is carried out using a bonding film comprising a nitride formed at a bonding surface. Operating in a vacuum chamber, a bonding film comprising a nitride is formed on each of flat surfaces of two substrates that each have the flat surface, and, by overlapping the two substrates so the bonding films formed on the two substrates are in contact with each other, the two substrates are joined by the generation of atomic diffusion at a bonding interface between the bonding films.

Abstract: A bonded structure includes a first substrate; a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate; an intermediate layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a first oxide thin film layered on the first substrate and a second oxide thin film layered on the second substrate; either or both of the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film of the intermediate layer being formed of oxide thin films having increased defects; and an interface between the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film=being bonded by chemical bonding, and the interface comprising a low-density portion whose density is lower than that of the two oxide thin films.

Abstract: A bonded structure includes a first substrate; a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate; an intermediate layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a first oxide thin film layered on the first substrate and a second oxide thin film layered on the second substrate; either or both of the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film of the intermediate layer being formed of oxide thin films having increased defects; and an interface between the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film=being bonded by chemical bonding, and the interface comprising a low-density portion whose density is lower than that of the two oxide thin films.

Abstract: The present invention achieves chemical bonding by means of a joined film made of oxides formed on a joined surface. In a vacuum container, amorphous oxide thin films are respectively formed on smooth surfaces of two substrates, and the two substrates overlap such that the amorphous oxide thin films formed on the two substrates come into contact with each other, thereby causing chemical bonding involving an atomic diffusion at a joined interface between the amorphous oxide thin films to join the two substrates.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display includes providing a first substrate having a first electrode and a second electrode on a surface of the first substrate. The first and the second electrodes are made of conductive films. A liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the surface of the first substrate to form an alignment film on the first substrate. The liquid crystal aligning agent includes at least one of: a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure, and a component that includes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; or a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and a component that includes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. The second substrate is provided to form a liquid crystal cell. Light is applied to the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display includes providing a first substrate having a first electrode and a second electrode on a surface of the first substrate. The first and the second electrodes are made of conductive films. A liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the surface of the first substrate to form an alignment film on the first substrate. The liquid crystal aligning agent includes at least one of: a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure, and a component that includes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; or a polymer that includes a photoalignment structure and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and a component that includes a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. The second substrate is provided to form a liquid crystal cell. Light is applied to the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A phase determination section determines the quantity of first fixed delay elements for delaying a clock signal by one cycle and generates a selection signal indicating the determination result. A phase adjustment section determines, based on the selection signal, the quantity of second fixed delay elements for delaying an input signal and generates the output signal by delaying the input signal by a certain phase amount. The phase adjustment section includes a variable delay unit which generates, based on the selection signal, a variable delay time allowing the delay time of the output signal to be adjusted in steps of ½n the delay time of one of the second fixed delay elements.

Abstract: The norbornene derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (Im). According to the present invention, a novel norbornene derivative that is useful as a precursor monomer for preparing a cycloolefin polymer exhibiting excellent transparency, heat resistance and low-water absorption properties and having been freely controlled in the birefringence properties and the wavelength dispersion properties can be provided. According to the present invention, further, a norbornene ring-opened (co)polymer having excellent transparency and heat resistance, exhibiting high solubility in organic solvents and having specific birefringence properties and wavelength dependence, and a process for preparing the ring-opened (co)polymer can be provided.

Abstract: A phase determination section determines the quantity of first fixed delay elements for delaying a clock signal by one cycle and generates a selection signal indicating the determination result. A phase adjustment section determines, based on the selection signal, the quantity of second fixed delay elements for delaying an input signal and generates the output signal by delaying the input signal by a certain phase amount. The phase adjustment section includes a variable delay unit which generates, based on the selection signal, a variable delay time allowing the delay time of the output signal to be adjusted in steps of ½n the delay time of one of the second fixed delay elements.

Abstract: The norbornene derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (Im). According to the present invention, a novel norbornene derivative that is useful as a precursor monomer for preparing a cycloolefin polymer exhibiting excellent transparency, heat resistance and low-water absorption properties and having been freely controlled in the birefringence properties and the wavelength dispersion properties can be provided. According to the present invention, further, a norbornene ring-opened (co)polymer having excellent transparency and heat resistance, exhibiting high solubility in organic solvents and having specific birefringence properties and wavelength dependence, and a process for preparing the ring-opened (co)polymer can be provided.

Abstract: Each of the thermoplastic resin composition and the optical film of the present invention comprises a cycloolefin-based polymer (A) and a vinyl-based polymer (B) having a structural unit derived from p-isopropenylphenol. The thermoplastic resin composition and the optical film exhibit excellent compatibility of their components with keeping property of low birefringence inherent in the thermoplastic resin composition comprising the cycloolefln-based polymer and the vinyl-based polymer, and they are excellent in weathering resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: The norbornene derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (Im). According to the present invention, a novel norbornene derivative that is useful as a precursor monomer for preparing a cycloolefin polymer exhibiting excellent transparency, heat resistance and low-water absorption properties and having been freely controlled in the birefringence properties and the wavelength dispersion properties can be provided. According to the present invention, further, a norbornene ring-opened (co)polymer having excellent transparency and heat resistance, exhibiting high solubility in organic solvents and having specific birefringence properties and wavelength dependence, and a process for preparing the ring-opened (co)polymer can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a thermoplastic resin composition which is inhibited from suffering phase separation and from which an optical film having excellent transparency is readily obtained, an optical film containing the composition as a main component, a retardation film which is a film obtained by stretching the optical film and exhibits positive wavelength dependence and has a small coefficient of photoelasticity and transparency, and a process for producing the retardation film.

Abstract: The thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention comprises (A) a cycloolefin-based polymer and (B) a vinyl-based polymer having a polar group, has a glass transition temperature of not lower than 100° C. and has a difference in glass transition temperature between the polymers (A) and (B) of less than 50° C. The optical film of the present invention comprises the thermoplastic resin composition of the invention. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve development of retardation at a low stress in the film stretching while retaining excellent heat resistance and optical properties and maintaining wavelength dispersion properties.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a thermoplastic resin composition which exhibits excellent compatibility while retaining low birefringence and is excellent in weathering resistance and heat resistance, an optical film which is obtained from the thermoplastic resin composition and a retardation film which is excellent in weathering resistance and heat resistance and has reciprocal wavelength dispersion properties. The thermoplastic resin composition comprises a vinyl-based polymer (A) having a unit represented by the following formula (I) and a cycloolefin-based polymer (B). wherein R1 to R3 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a linkage containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom or a silicon atom, or a polar group, and n is 0 or a positive integer.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a partially hydrogenated ring-opened polynorbornene and a process for making the same. The ring-opened polynorbornene is low in birefringence, high in wavelength dependency about birefringence and excellent in transparency and heat resistance.

Abstract: The norbornene derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (Im). According to the present invention, a novel norbornene derivative that is useful as a precursor monomer for preparing a cycloolefin polymer exhibiting excellent transparency, heat resistance and low-water absorption properties and having been freely controlled in the birefringence properties and the wavelength dispersion properties can be provided. According to the present invention, further, a norbornene ring-opened (co)polymer having excellent transparency and heat resistance, exhibiting high solubility in organic solvents and having specific birefringence properties and wavelength dependence, and a process for preparing the ring-opened (co)polymer can be provided.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a partially hydrogenated ring-opened polynorbornene and a process for making the same. The ring-opened polynorbornene is low in birefringence, high in wavelength dependency about birefringence and excellent in transparency and heat resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides a ring-opened norbornene polymer that is relatively small in birefringence, has specific wavelength dependency about birefringence and is excellent in transparency and heat resistance.