Abstract: An apparatus simulating blood circulation in the human body which allows sphygmic diagnosis simulation to be performed by measuring simulated arterial pulses along a simulated artery portion which simulates an artery portion leading to either the left or right hand of the blood circulating system of the human body. The simulated artery portion is included in a simulated blood circulating passage formed by a layout of tubes representative of the human circulatory system. Each tube has a circular section of rubber resin made of both silicon and natural rubbers in which the wall thickness of the tube, Young Modulus, tensile strength, dimension, and compliance are predetermined to simulate the human body. Sphygmic diagnosis simulation can be performed by measuring the simulated arterial pulses at three points along of a radial artery portion corresponding to three positions of shun, khan, and shaku of the sunko as in the practice of Oriental medicine.

Abstract: An apparatus for observing and evaluating blood circulation utilizing pressure sensors disposed along an artery. Three pressure sensors may be used to detect pulses at the shun, khan, and shaku spots of the sunko as in the practice of Oriental medicine. In one embodiment observing blood circulation, a first pressure sensor detects a pulse in the artery on a heart side and a second pressure sensor detects an artery pulse between the heart side and a peripheral side. First and second level detecting means detect when the respective first and second pressure signals exceed predetermined levels and provide output signals to a measuring means. A biasing pressure controlling means controls the biasing force exerted by a biasing means upon the blood flow through the artery and is responsive to the output of the second level detecting means.

Abstract: A guard panel for tape cassettes and methods and apparatus for manufacturing the same wherein the guard panel comprises an upper plate portion which is devoid of cracks and deformation. The guard panel, which is adapted to be pivotally mounted on the cassette housing, comprises an elongated plate member including front, upper and side plate portions, each forming a side wall of the plate member. The upper plate portion includes at least two sections which differ in thickness from another section, the two sections being spaced from each other by a central section of the upper plate portion which is interposed between them in the longitudinal direction. The sections of the upper plate portion which differ in thickness from the other section may be in the form of recesses or protrusions formed in the upper plate portion and preferably on the back surface thereof. An additional recess or protrusion may be formed in the central section of the back surface of the upper plate portion.