Abstract: Described is ELTA (Enzymatic Labeling of Terminal ADP-ribose) to label free, protein-conjugated, or nucleic acid-conjugated ADP-ribose monomer and polymers at their 2?-OH termini. When coupled with different chemical analogs, ELTA can be used for various applications including fluorescence-based biophysical measurement of PAR-protein interaction, detection of PAR length from cells, and enrichment of ADP-ribosylated peptides for mass spectrometry identification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for processing short branch instructions for branches between program modules into which a computer program is divided. The method comprises the following steps. It is verified that a branching location for a short branch instruction is outside a branch-enable bound that a branch can be made in accordance with the short branch instruction, wherein the branching location is a location to which the branch is about to be made in accordance with the short branch instruction. Any empty region is searched in the branch-enable bound. A long branch instruction is generated on the empty region. The branching location is amended into an address to which the branch will be made in accordance with the long branch instruction.

Abstract: A language processing system for converting a source program described by a program language into a computer executable machine language for a computer system which has a data memory space divided into a plurality of banks.