Abstract: In a method for coating electrophotographic carrier core surfaces with a resin composition by rotating a rotator having a plurality of agitating blades on its surface in a casing; a coating treatment material that is introduced to a space defined between the rotator and the casing is in a packing of from 50% to 98% by volume; at the time of coating treatment, the electrophotographic carrier core surfaces are coat-treated with the resin composition while being put forward and put backward; and the electrophotographic carrier cores and the resin composition are, at the time of coating treatment, temperature-controlled at a specific temperature T (° C.) or below. This method enables the electrophotographic carrier core surfaces to be more uniformly coated with a coating resin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image of high image quality by using a magnetic carrier coated with a novel coating resin composition. Further, the present invention stably provides a good image which is hardly influenced by environmental fluctuation and long-term use and has a superior stability of a charging amount when left to stand especially under high temperature and high humidity environments. The present invention also provides a magnetic carrier characterized in that a carrier core surface is coated with a copolymer containing at least, as copolymerization components, an acrylic monomer having a specific structure and an acrylic macromonomer having a specific structure.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member; and a developer bearing member bearing a developer including a toner and a carrier, the developer bearing member developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with the developer, and the developer bearing member being applied with an alternate voltage in order to form an alternate electric field between the developer bearing member and the image bearing member, wherein assuming that electric field intensities Eb and Ed be Eb=|(Vp1?VL)/D| and Ed=|(Vp2?VL)/D|, a relationship, 0?K1>K2, is satisfied, where K1: a gradient at Ed, and K2: a gradient at Eb, and wherein a resistivity ?b of the carrier at the electric field intensity Eb satisfies 1.1×106×en<?b<6.0×107 [?·m] (where: e is the base of natural logarithms; and n=4×Eb×10?7).

Abstract: A two-component developer containing a magenta toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the magenta toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the magenta toner in a solution of the magenta toner in chloroform is represented by Cm (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 538 nm is represented by A538, a relationship between Cm and A538 satisfies the relationship of 2.00<A538/Cm<6.55; (ii) the lightness L* and chroma C* of the cyan toner determined in a powder state satisfy the relationships of 35.0?L*?45.0 and 60.0?C*?72.0; and (iii) the absolute value for the triboelectric charge quantity of the magenta toner measured by a two-component method using the magenta toner and the magnetic carrier is 50 mC/kg or more and 120 mC/kg or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for introducing a foreign substance (3) into a cell (1) having a cell wall. The method comprises the steps of: providing a carbon nanotube (2) carrying at least one enzyme capable of decomposing a cell wall; supplying the carbon nanotube (2) and the foreign substance (3) into a treatment solution containing the cell (1); decomposing the cell wall of the cell (1) by the action of the enzyme carried on the carbon nanotube (2) upon the contact of the carbon nanotube (2) with the cell (1); and introducing the foreign substance (3) into the cell (1) through a site decomposed with the enzyme on the cell wall.

Abstract: A two-component developer containing a yellow toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the yellow toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the yellow toner in a solution of the yellow toner in chloroform is represented by Cy (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 422 nm is represented by A422, a relationship between Cy and A422 satisfies the relationship of 6.00<A422/Cy<14.40; (ii) the lightness L* and chroma C* of the yellow toner determined in a powder state satisfy the relationships of 85.0?L*?95.0 and 100.0?C*?115.0; and (iii) the absolute value for the triboelectric charge quantity of the yellow toner measured by a two-component method using the yellow toner and the magnetic carrier is 50 mC/kg or more and 120 mC/kg or less.

Abstract: A two-component developer containing a magenta toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the magenta toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the magenta toner in a solution of the magenta toner in chloroform is represented by Cm (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 538 nm is represented by A538, a relationship between Cm and A538 satisfies the relationship of 2.00<A538/Cm<6.55; (ii) the lightness L* and chroma C* of the magenta toner determined in a powder state satisfy the relationships of 35?L*?45 and 60?C*?72; and (iii) the absolute value for the triboelectric charge quantity of the magenta toner measured by a two-component method using the magenta toner and the magnetic carrier is 50 mC/kg or more and 120 mC/kg or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member; and a developer bearing member bearing a developer including a toner and a carrier, the developer bearing member developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with the developer, and the developer bearing member being applied with an alternate voltage in order to form an alternate electric field between the developer bearing member and the image bearing member, wherein assuming that electric field intensities Eb and Ed be Eb=|(Vp1?VL)/D| and Ed=|(Vp2?VL)/D|, a relationship, 0?K1>K2, is satisfied, where K1: a gradient at Ed, and K2: a gradient at Eb, and wherein a resistivity ?b of the carrier at the electric field intensity Eb satisfies 1.1×106×en<?b<6.0×107 [?·m] (where: e is the base of natural logarithms; and n=4×Eb×10?7).

Abstract: A magnetic carrier having magnetic carrier particles each containing at least a magnetic core particle and a resin; the magnetic carrier having a resistivity of from 1.0×106 ?·cm or more to 1.0×1010 ?·cm or less at an electric-field intensity of 1.0×103 V/cm as found by measuring dynamic impedance; electric-field intensity E(109) at which the resistivity of the magnetic carrier comes to 1.0×109 ?·cm being 2.0×104 V/cm or less, and electric-field intensity E(108) at which the resistivity of the magnetic carrier comes to 1.0×108 ?·cm being from 5.0×103 V/cm or more to 2.8×104 V/cm or less; and the electric-field intensity E(108) and the electric-field intensity E(109) being in a ratio, E(108)/E(109), of from 1.0 or more to 5.0 or less.

Abstract: A two-component developer containing a cyan toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the cyan toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the cyan toner in a solution of the cyan toner in chloroform is represented by Cc (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 712 nm is represented by A712, a relationship between Cc and A712 satisfies the relationship of 2.00<A712/Cc<8.15; (ii) the lightness L* and chroma C* of the cyan toner determined in a powder state satisfy the relationships of 25.0?L*?40.0 and 50.0?C*?60.0; and (iii) the absolute value for the triboelectric charge quantity of the cyan toner measured by a two-component method using the cyan toner and the magnetic carrier is 50 mC/kg or more and 120 mC/kg or less.

Abstract: A carrier has an impedance Z having a frequency dependence, obtained by alternating current impedance measurement. When the frequency dependence is fitted by a fitting function, parameter ? lies in a range of 0.70 to 0.90 in an electric field of 103 V/cm.

Abstract: A magnetic carrier is provided which uses a toner having high coloring power and enables development to be performed at low electric field intensity and can form high quality images while keeping gradation characteristics. The magnetic carrier includes magnetic carrier particles including at least porous magnetic core particles and a resin. The electric field intensity just before the break-down of the magnetic carrier is 1,300 V/cm or more and 5,000 V/cm or less.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method whereby various kinds of microcapsules, which are usable in, for example, a gene vector, can be produced in a small amount. This production method comprises: feeding a fluid containing a substance to be encapsulated into at lease one (13) of material-feeding microchannels in a substrate in which these material-feeding microchannels (12, 13, 14) and a reaction microchannel (18) connected to these material-feeding microchannels are formed; feeding an envelop-forming fluid containing a material for forming envelopes into at least one of the other material-feeding microchannels (12, 14); and allowing the envelope-forming fluid and the fluid containing the encapsulated substance that converge in the reaction microchannel from each material-feeding microchannel to flow through the reaction microchannel while continuously maintaining the interface between the fluids formed at the confluence thereof.

Abstract: A magnetic carrier which has magnetic carrier particles each having at least porous magnetic core particles and a resin, in which, in a backscattered electron image of the magnetic carrier particles, photographed with a scanning electron microscope as taken at an accelerating voltage of 2.0 kV, magnetic carrier particles having area proportion S1 found from a specific expression (1) of from 0.5 area % or more to 8.0 area % or less are in a proportion of 80% by number or more in the magnetic carrier, an average proportion Av1 of the total area of portions having a high luminance which come from a metal oxide on the magnetic carrier particles to the total projected area of the magnetic carrier particles is from 0.5 area % or more to 8.0 area % or less, and an average proportion Av2 found from a specific expression (2) is 10.0 area % or less.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic carrier giving a high quality image free of density variation without the occurrence of fogging or carrier adhesion and having excellent dot reproducibility even during long-term use. The magnetic carrier has magnetic carrier particles produced by filling pores of porous magnetic core particles with a resin. The magnetic carrier contains 80% by number or more of the magnetic carrier particles satisfying the specific conditions (a) and (b) when 18 straight lines passing through a reference point of a cross section of the magnetic carrier particle are drawn at intervals of 10° in a reflected electron image of the cross section of the magnetic carrier particle photographed by a scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: A magnetic carrier and a two-component developer are provided which have remedied blank areas, fog after leaving, carrier sticking during running, and image density variations before and after running. The magnetic carrier has magnetic carrier particles having at least porous magnetic core particles and a resin. The magnetic carrier particles satisfying the specific conditions (a), (b) and (c) where, in a reflected electron image of cross sections of the magnetic carrier particles as photographed with a scanning electron microscope, straight lines that divide a cross section of a magnetic carrier particle into 72 at intervals of 5° are drawn from a reference point of the cross section thereof toward the surface of the magnetic carrier particle; the magnetic carrier particles being contained in an amount of 60% by number or more.

Abstract: To provide an electrophoresis method being capable of rapidly analyzing a protein in a native state without carrying out a heat-denaturing pretreatment step, and having even higher sensitivity. The electrophoresis method of the present invention is useful for proteosome analysis and medical diagnosis.

Abstract: A magnetic carrier and two-component developer are provided alleviating coarse images, fogging when printing is done after a copier body is left standing for one week in a high temperature and high humidity environment and carrier adhesion after extensive operation in a low image ratio. The magnetic carrier includes magnetic carrier particles including porous magnetic core particles and a resin, wherein in a mercury intrusion method applied to the porous magnetic core particles, a pore diameter in which a differential pore volume in the specific pore diameter range becomes maximum is in a specific range, and when the maximum value of a differential pore volume in the specific pore diameter range is defined as P1 and the maximum value of a differential pore volume in the specific pore diameter range is defined as P2, P1 is in a specific range and the ratio P2/P1 is in a specific range.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner which: is excellent in fixing ability such as low-temperature fixability, hot offset property, and separability even in a fixing system excellent in quick start property and energy saving property; has high gloss; and is excellent in development stability and transferability irrespective of environments.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid synthesis method capable of continuously carrying out an extension reaction and a single molecule sequencing method capable of obtaining base information accurately at high speed. A method for synthesizing a nucleic acid, including the steps of: forming a complex of a target nucleic acid hybridized to a primer oligonucleotide and a DNA polymerase ?; allowing the DNA polymerase ? to incorporate a fluorescently-labeled dNTP so that the fluorescently-labeled dNTP is bound to the 3? end of the primer oligonucleotide; and allowing the DNA polymerase ? to continuously incorporate fluorescently-labeled dNTP to extend a nucleic acid complementary to the target nucleic acid from the 3? end of the bound fluorescently-labeled dNTP.