Abstract: Oxide materials of (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i MO.sub.y, (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i M.sub.1-z Cu.sub.z O.sub.y and (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i MO.sub.j-.delta. G.sub.k, wherein L is Sc, Y, lanthanides, etc.; A is Ba, Sr. Ca, etc.; M is V, Nb, Ta, T, Zr or Hf; 0<x<1; 0<z<1; i=1, 3/2 or 2; 0<y.ltoreq.4; Gis F, Cl or N; .delta. is oxygen defect, and having a perovskite-like crystal structure, show superconductivity at a temperature higher than the liquid nitrogen temperature.

Abstract: Oxide materials having the formulae (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i MO.sub.y, (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i -M.sub.1-z Cu.sub.z O.sub.y and (L.sub.x A.sub.1-x).sub.i MO.sub.j-.delta. G.sub.k, wherein L is Sc, Y, lanthanides, etc.; A is Ba, Sr, Ca, etc.; M is V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr or Hf; 0<x<1; 0<z<1; i=1, 3/2 or 2; 0<y.ltoreq.4; G is F, Cl or N; .delta. is oxygen defect, and having a perovskite-like crystal structure, show superconductivity at a temperature higher than the liquid nitrogen temperature these oxide materials can be produced by a substitution diffusion reaction between a substrate and a film or layer deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: In magnetic refrigeration wherein a magnetic Ericsson cycle or a magnetic Stirling cycle is realized, the present invention forms a heat path by which heat of a magnetic working substance at an isofield stage of high magnetic field or an isomagnetization stage of high magnetization is given to the magnetic working substance at an isofield stage of low magnetic field or an isomagnetization stage of low magnetization.

Abstract: A rotary magnetic refrigerator comprising two rotors which are packed with portions of a working substance at equal spacing along the outer circumference thereof, and which are made of a material having a low thermal conductivity, openings that are formed in the outer surfaces of said rotors so as to communicate with a high-temperature cooling medium, housings having cooling portions provided on sides thereof opposite to said openings, means which establishes an intense magnetic field near said openings and which establishes a weak magnetic field near said cooling portions, and means for driving said rotors.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquefied pump system which includes a pump having a drive motor, bearings, a drive shaft, and an impeller adapted to be disposed in a vessel storing a cryogenic liquid. An outer insulating tank is mounted in the vessel and an inner insulating tank is mounted inside the outer insulating tank, with a vacuum layer being interposed between the inner and outer insulating tanks. An inner side of the inner insulated tank, in which the motor and bearings are arranged, is maintained at a room temperature, with a tip portion of the inner insulating tank being formed into an outer case extending into a cryogenic region outside of the outer insulated tank.

Abstract: In a magnetic refrigerator comprising working substances for the magnetic refrigeration and a magnetic field generating device which magnetizes and demagnetizes these working substances, this magnetic refrigerator is provided with a plurality of superconducting coils arranged around the outer periphery of a rotor, a plurality of working substances are arranged around the periphery of said rotor, and the rotor is rotated so that the strength of magnetic fields impressed on the working substances is varied.

Abstract: A cryostat including a horizontal hollow space section of room temperature in which a liquid helium vessel is supported by a plurality of support structures each having a multiple cylinder of small thickness and a liquid nitrogen vessel is supported by a plurality of tension rods.

Abstract: A magnetic refrigerating apparatus including a working material for performing magnetic refrigeration, and a magnetic field system capable of varying the distribution or intensity of a magnetic field impressed on the working material. When the working material produces heat on the high temperature side, heat exchange is performed by boiling heat transfer through a refrigerant on the high temperature side; when the working material absorbs heat on the low temperature side, heat exchange is performed by condensation heat transfer through a refrigerant on the low temperature side.