Abstract: In a wheel position detection apparatus, a first controlling section of a transmitter repeatedly transmits a frame including specific identification information at a timing when an angle of the transmitter is at a predetermined angle. A second control unit of a receiver receives the frame transmitted from the transmitter, and identifies which of a plurality of wheels the transmitter that has transmitted the frame is attached to. The receiver changes an allowable range of variability in accordance with a road surface condition indicated by a degree of road surface roughness every time the frame is received, and sets the allowable range of variability wider for a road surface that is rough than for a road surface that is not rough.

Abstract: An optical scanning unit includes a rotatable multi-faceted mirror having a plurality of faces reflecting light flux emitted from a light source to scan a scanning area in a main scanning direction. A width of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is smaller than a length of a face of the rotatable multi-faceted mirror. The entire of light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at a first face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to the center portion of the scanning area. A part of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at the first face while the remaining of the light flux is reflected at a second face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to a least one of the two end portions of the scanning area.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source; and a rotational polygon mirror having N reflecting surfaces, the rotational polygon mirror being configured to reflect a light flux emitted from the light source so that a scanning surface is scanned along a main-scanning direction with reflected from the rotational polygon mirror. A width of the light flux incident on the rotational polygon mirror in a direction corresponding to the main-scanning direction is smaller than a width of each reflecting surface of the rotational polygon mirror in the direction corresponding to the main-scanning direction.

Abstract: An automotive alternator includes a stator winding that is made of a metal other than copper and copper alloys. The alternator also includes a built-in rectifier that includes a plurality of rectifying elements and a plurality of electrical conductors. The rectifying elements and the electrical conductors together form a rectification circuit for rectifying AC power output from the stator winding into DC power. Further, at least one of the electrical conductors includes first and second portions. The first portion is connected to at least one of the rectifying elements, and made of copper or a copper alloy. The second portion is connected to the stator winding, and made of a metal containing a metallic element that is also contained in the metal of which the stator winding is made.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus which can more efficiently regenerate phosphoric acid which is able to be returned to etching treatment along with such etching treatment as much as possible without using a large facility, that is a substrate treatment apparatus which treats a silicon substrate W on which a nitride film is formed by a liquid etchant which contains phosphoric acid, which comprises an etching treatment unit (the spin treatment unit 30) which gives a suitable quantity of liquid, etchant to each substrate which is fed one at a time so as to etch the substrate and remove the nitride film, a phosphoric acid regenerating unit (the spin treatment unit 30) which mixes liquid etchant used for treatment of one substrate and a suitable quantity of liquid hydrofluoric acid for the amount of the used liquid etchant under a predetermined temperature environment to regenerate the phosphoric acid, and a phosphoric acid recovery unit (the pump 38, phosphoric acid recovery tank 50, and pump 52) which returns the

Abstract: A motor driving circuit has a supply line connected to a DC power source, an inverter whose input side is connected to the supply line and whose output side is connected to a motor, a power switch inserted in the supply line for switching the supply line between conducting and cut-off states, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage between the direct-current power source and the power switch, and an insulation resistance detector for first detecting, based on a result of detection by the voltage detector with the power switch in the cut-off state, an insulation resistance on the preceding-stage side of the power switch and subsequently detecting, based on a result of detection by the voltage detector with the power switch in the conducting state, an insulation resistance on the succeeding-stage side of the power switch.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source; and a rotational polygon mirror having N reflecting surfaces, the rotational polygon mirror being configured to reflect a light flux emitted from the light source so that a scanning surface is scanned along a main-scanning direction with reflected from the rotational polygon mirror. A width of the light flux incident on the rotational polygon mirror in a direction corresponding to the main-scanning direction is smaller than a width of each reflecting surface of the rotational polygon mirror in the direction corresponding to the main-scanning direction.

Abstract: A displacement detecting apparatus of an electromagnetic actuator, including: an electromagnetic actuator including: a movable core; a drive coil which causes a displacement of the movable core; and a detection coil disposed at a position where a mutual coupling coefficient with the drive coil changes with the displacement, the actuator transmitting a drive force of the movable core to a mechanical system; a drive portion for supplying a drive current to the drive coil on the basis of a pulse width modulation signal; and a displacement detecting portion to which an output voltage of the detection coil is inputted, for outputting a displacement detection signal, wherein the displacement detecting portion includes: a sampling-signal generating portion for generating a sampling signal in synchronism with the pulse width modulation signal; and a synchronous sampling portion for outputting the displacement detection signal by sampling the output voltage in synchronism with the sampling signal.

Abstract: A deflector deflects a light beam from a light source. A scanning optical system focuses the light beam deflected by the deflector. An image carrying member is located at a focal position of the light beam and includes a surface that is scanned in a main scanning direction with the light beam focused by the scanning optical system. One pixel of an image is formed by a plurality of light spots having different focal positions in at least a sub-scanning direction. At least one light spot from among the light spots is formed on the surface of the image carrying member at a scan timing different from those of rest of the light spots.

Abstract: A feature analysis apparatus which enables visual confirmation of features of an inspected object and which enables limitations on the degree of freedom of classification based on the features to made relatively smaller is provided. It acquires inspected object information of an inspected object (S1), analyzes the inspection information to determine values of feature parameters of each of the plurality of layers (S2 to S5), uses values of the plurality of feature parameters and their corresponding directions for each of the plurality of layers to generate a single parameter vector (S2 to S5), converts the parameter vector to a layer vector which is a 3D vector in a predetermined (S2 to S5), and couples the plurality of layer vectors obtained for the plurality of layers in the order of the layers and generates a set of coordinate values of the plurality of nodes obtained in the 3D space as feature information of the inspected object (S6).

Abstract: If the picture identifier of a first frame and the picture identifier of a second frame match, a rewriting unit rewrites the picture identifier and the slice type of the first frame.

Abstract: A keyboard apparatus wherein a hammer body having movable and stationary engagement portions is configured such that, in its pivotal movement in a forward direction, a click feeling in a key depression touch is generated when the movable engagement portion comes into contact with and gets over the stationary engagement portion, wherein a distance from a hammer pivot shaft to the movable engagement portion at a certain key stroke position in a key depression stroke becomes smaller with an increase in a pressing drive force, and wherein the movable engagement portion comes into contact with the stationary engagement portion in the pivotal movement in the forward direction where a magnitude of the pressing drive force is less than a prescribed value, and the movable engagement portion does not come into contact with the same where the magnitude of the force is equal to or larger than the prescribed value.

Abstract: An optical scanning unit includes a rotatable multi-faceted mirror having a plurality of faces reflecting light flux emitted from a light source to scan a scanning area in a main scanning direction. A width of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is smaller than a length of a face of the rotatable multi-faceted mirror. The entire of light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at a first face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to the center portion of the scanning area. A part of the light flux striking the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is reflected at the first face while the remaining of the light flux is reflected at a second face when the light flux reflected by the rotatable multi-faceted mirror is directed to a least one of the two end portions of the scanning area.

Abstract: An optical scanning device that scans a scanning surface with a light beam includes a light source that emits the light beam and a pre-deflector optical system that includes at least one diffractive optical element including a diffraction surface having no power at room temperature. The diffraction surface has a multi-step shape having a plurality of zone surfaces substantially perpendicular to an optical axis and a plurality of step surfaces each adjacent to each of the zone surfaces. On a cross sectional plane of the diffraction surface including the optical axis, each of the zone surfaces and each of the step surfaces makes an obtuse angle.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array including a plurality of columns of the surface-emission laser diode elements, each column including therein at least two surface-emission laser diode elements in a first direction. The surface-emission laser diode elements in a column are disposed with an equal interval in the first direction. The plural columns arc disposed in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. An interval between two adjacent columns is larger in a central part than in a peripheral part of the two-dimensional array of the surface-emission laser diode elements in the second direction.

Abstract: A substrate surface inspection apparatus and method enabling judgment and analysis of the state of even portions of a substrate supported by supports using a captured image are provided. A support mechanism 20 is used where positions of arrangement of substrate support positions along the direction perpendicular to a scan direction by a plurality of first supports 23a to 23d are set outside the image capturing ranges of the substrate 10 by the imaging units 30a, 30b at the first relative position and inside the common image capturing range and where positions of arrangement of substrate support positions along the direction perpendicular to the scan direction by the plurality of second supports 24a to 24d are set outside the image capturing ranges of the substrate by the imaging units at the second relative position and inside the common image capturing range.

Abstract: A method of inspection and inspection apparatus able to use a captured image to more precisely inspect the state of film, defect parts, etc. at a surface of an object under inspection are provided. A method of inspection and inspection apparatus illuminating a surface of an object under inspection 10 by white light from an illumination unit LO while scanning the surface of the object under inspection 10 by an image capturing unit 100 to acquire a captured image and using the captured image to inspect a state of the surface of the object under inspection 10, which changes a state of polarization of light LR striking the image capturing unit 100 from an illuminated location of the object under inspection 10 and obtains a plurality of captured images based on light of different polarization states LR striking the image capturing unit 100.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus to precisely quantitatively inspect positions of formation of film layers formed on the surface of a disk-shaped substrate. It generates captured image data expressing a captured image corresponding to a field of vie based on image signals successively output from an image capturing unit capturing an image of a predetermined surface at an outer circumference part of the disk-shaped substrate and generates film layer edge position information expressing longitudinal direction positions at corresponding positions along the circumferential direction of an edge line of a film layer image pan corresponding to the film layer on the surface image with reference to, from the captured image data, longitudinal direction positions at the different positions along the circumferential direction of a boundary line between a surface image part corresponding to the predetermined surface on the captured image and its outer image part.