Abstract: According to one embodiment, a surface light source device includes a light guide plate, and first and second light-emitting units. The light guide plate includes a flat portion and a curved portion. The curved portion guides, to the flat portion, light introduced from the end surface and transmits light introduced from the inner circumferential surface. The flat portion includes a light diffusing portion to diffuse the light guided by the curved portion, and a light-emitting surface to output the light diffused by the light diffusing portion. The first light-emitting unit emits light toward the end surface. The second light-emitting unit emits light toward the inner circumferential surface.

Abstract: A light guide plate comprising a flat-plate member provided with a first surface including a flat surface portion and a recessed portion in a conic-like solid shape and a second surface opposed to the first surface, the flat-plate member configured to receive light from the recessed portion, to propagate the light inside the flat-plate member while diffusing the light, and to radiate the diffused light from the second surface, wherein an angle between an inclined surface of the recessed portion and a normal line to the flat surface portion is smaller than a value obtained by calculation in which twice a critical angle where the light is totally reflected by the second surface inside the flat-plate member is subtracted from 90°.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, illumination apparatus including, first light source module which includes light-emitting module that emits light, light-emitting module having line shape, and first reflection member which includes first reflection surface that reflects light emitted from light-emitting module of first light source module for predetermined range, wherein first reflection surface has cross section that has zigzag line shape including plurality of line segments running along standard oval, which has major axis that forms predetermined angle with direction perpendicular to predetermined range, in direction perpendicular to longitudinal direction of light-emitting module of first light source module.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an optical switch panel, and a light source device. The optical switch panel includes pixels and a drive part controlling transmissivity of the pixels. The light source device is stacked with the panel and includes a light source to emit a source light, a light guiding unit, interference filters, and light controlling parts. The light guiding unit includes a light guide region guiding the source light, a reflecting part provided around the region to reflect the source light, and apertures provided around the region and causing semi-collimated light to be emitted. The interference filters cause lights in certain wavelength dands of the light emitted from the aperture to pass. The light controlling parts cause the lights through the filters to enter the pixels to form an image.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light guide body includes a light guide plate and a prism array unit. The light guide plate has a major surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface on an opposite side to the first side surface. The prism array unit is provided on the major surface to be in contact with the major surface. The prism array unit includes a plurality of prism bodies. Each of the prism bodies extends along a first direction from the first side surface to the second side surface. The prism bodies are disposed to align along a second direction parallel to the major surface and perpendicular to the first direction. A vertex angle of the prism bodies is a substantially right angle. A refractive index of the prism bodies is higher than a refractive index of the light guide plate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a surface lighting apparatus includes surface light source units stacked, and a control unit. Each surface light source unit includes a light guide plate and light-emitting units. The light guide plate includes a light incident surface for introducing light emitted by the light-emitting units, and a light-outputting region configured to output light through a front surface. The front surface is provided with a light transmission control part to prevent light from diffusing in a direction of arranging the light-emitting units. The light-emitting units are linearly arranged opposite to the light incident surface. The control unit controls a light intensity for each of the light-emitting units. A light guide plate of each surface light source unit other than a lowermost surface light source unit further includes a window region configured to transmit light output from one or more lower surface light source units.

Abstract: A record-medium determining apparatus constituted such that a luminescent light source irradiates modulated light to a surface of a record medium, a part of reflected light by the record medium of this irradiated light is detected by a photodetector, the photodetector changes the detected light into an electric signal, and a signal-intensity detecting device detects intensity of a signal modulated from this electric signal is provided further on an upstream side than a fixing unit of a record-medium conveying path.

Abstract: A semiconductor device subjected to an optical annealing process by radiation light whose principal wavelength is 1.5 ?m or less includes a circuit pattern region formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a dummy pattern region formed separately from the circuit pattern region on the semiconductor substrate. The circuit pattern region has an integrated circuit pattern containing a gate pattern related to a circuit operation. The dummy pattern region has dummy gate patterns that have the same structure as that of a gate pattern used in the integrated circuit pattern and the dummy gate patterns are repeatedly arranged with a pitch 0.4 times or less the principal wavelength.

Abstract: A paper type determination device of the invention drives plural light emitting points different from one another and having sequentially increasing distances from a reference point to emit light in such a manner that each is identified for irradiating one surface of a sheet of paper subjected to determination. A photodetection device set at a specific detection field of view having the center at the reference point is disposed on the other surface side of the sheet of paper, and it receives light having passed through the sheet of paper from the respective light emitting points at positions on inside and outside of the detection field of view to detect intensity of light for each light emitting point. A diffusing characteristic of the sheet of paper is obtained on the basis of the intensity of light from each light emitting point detected by the photodetection device, and a paper type is determined on the basis of the diffusing characteristic.

Abstract: In an automatic focus adjusting mechanism, a test sample having a patterned surface is mounted on a mount table, and an light beam passing through a slit formed in a field stop is applied to the patterned surface of the test sample. The light beam reflected from the test sample is split into two segment light beams. Focus adjusting aperture stops having respective apertures formed rhomboid are provided across the optical paths of the segment light beams. The amounts of the segment light beams passing through the rhomboid apertures are detected by light receiving units. Based on the difference between the detected light amounts, the position of the mount table is controlled by the focus adjusting unit.

Abstract: A paper type determination device of the invention drives plural light emitting points different from one another and having sequentially increasing distances from a reference point to emit light in such a manner that each is identified for irradiating one surface of a sheet of paper subjected to determination. A photodetection device set at a specific detection field of view having the center at the reference point is disposed on the other surface side of the sheet of paper, and it receives light having passed through the sheet of paper from the respective light emitting points at positions on inside and outside of the detection field of view to detect intensity of light for each light emitting point. A diffusing characteristic of the sheet of paper is obtained on the basis of the intensity of light from each light emitting point detected by the photodetection device, and a paper type is determined on the basis of the diffusing characteristic.

Abstract: A paper type determination device of the invention drives plural light emitting points different from one another and having sequentially increasing distances from a reference point to emit light in such a manner that each is identified for irradiating one surface of a sheet of paper subjected to determination. A photodetection device set at a specific detection field of view having the center at the reference point is disposed on the other surface side of the sheet of paper, and it receives light having passed through the sheet of paper from the respective light emitting points at positions on inside and outside of the detection field of view to detect intensity of light for each light emitting point. A diffusing characteristic of the sheet of paper is obtained on the basis of the intensity of light from each light emitting point detected by the photodetection device, and a paper type is determined on the basis of the diffusing characteristic.

Abstract: In an automatic focus adjusting mechanism, a test sample having a patterned surface is mounted on a mount table, and an light beam passing through a slit formed in a field stop is applied to the patterned surface of the test sample. The light beam reflected from the test sample is split into two segment light beams. Focus adjusting aperture stops having respective apertures formed rhomboid are provided across the optical paths of the segment light beams. The amounts of the segment light beams passing through the rhomboid apertures are detected by light receiving units. Based on the difference between the detected light amounts, the position of the mount table is controlled by the focus adjusting unit.

Abstract: A particle detecting device including a light source light reflector to reflect a laser light to make it intersect an observed light path of a light detector plural times at different positions, or a scattered light reflector to reflect the observed light path of the light detector to make it intersect the laser light plural times at different positions is installed on a side of a printed surface of a record medium in the inside of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A method of holographic recording and reproduction includes recording to the holographic recording medium a wavelength variation reference pattern which is recorded as a hologram at a wavelength of the recording beam, recording to the holographic recording medium a page data pattern as a hologram at the wavelength of the recording beam, detecting the wavelength variation between the recording beam and the reproducing beam based on the size of an image for wavelength variation reference obtained by reproducing the wavelength variation reference pattern at a wavelength of the reproducing beam, and reproducing the page data pattern using the reproducing beam with a wavelength controlled based on the detected wavelength variation.

Abstract: A sheet thickness measuring device includes: an illumination unit that outputs a light that is illuminated into a stack of sheets from a first area defined on one of faces including a top face, a bottom face, and side faces of the stack of sheets; a detection unit that detects a light amount distribution of light entered into the stack of sheets and propagated to a second area through the stack of sheets, the second area defined on one of the side faces of the stack of sheets; and a calculation unit that calculates a thickness of a sheet in the stack of sheets based on the light amount distribution detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: In a Fresnel lens which is made of a lens material whose refraction index is n, and focuses light beam from a light source at a specified radiation view angle ?, and has plural N pieces of circular lens surfaces arranged concentrically around a common optical axis, and plural circular rise surfaces arranged adjacent alternately between these lens surfaces, and two lens surfaces adjacent via at least one of the rise surfaces are concave surfaces, and tangent lines and at the intersecting point with the rise surfaces of the shape of a cross section passing through the optical axis of those lens surfaces intersect at the outside with respect to the optical axis, and when the angle formed between these tangent lines is defined as ?, a relational equation ???/(2 n N) stands.

Abstract: A semiconductor device subjected to an optical annealing process by radiation light whose principal wavelength is 1.5 ?m or less includes a circuit pattern region formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a dummy pattern region formed separately from the circuit pattern region on the semiconductor substrate. The circuit pattern region has an integrated circuit pattern containing a gate pattern related to a circuit operation. The dummy pattern region has dummy gate patterns that have the same structure as that of a gate pattern used in the integrated circuit pattern and the dummy gate patterns are repeatedly arranged with a pitch 0.4 times or less the principal wavelength.

Abstract: A sheet thickness measuring device includes: an illumination unit that outputs a light that is illuminated into a stack of sheets from a first area defined on one of faces including a top face, a bottom face, and side faces of the stack of sheets; a detection unit that detects a light amount distribution of light entered into the stack of sheets and propagated to a second area through the stack of sheets, the second area defined on one of the side faces of the stack of sheets; and a calculation unit that calculates a thickness of a sheet in the stack of sheets based on the light amount distribution detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: A paper type determination device of the invention forms images of plural light spots modulated at frequencies different from one another and aligned about a reference point on one surface of a sheet of paper subjected to determination. A photodetection device is disposed on the other surface side of the sheet of paper. In the photodetection device, a detection field of view having a center common with the reference point is provided, so that light coming within the detection field of view from the respective light spots by passing through the sheet of paper is detected. Signals superimposed in a detection signal from the photodetection device are distinguished on the basis of respective frequencies by a wave filter circuit. A diffusing characteristic of the sheet of paper is obtained from amplitudes of the signals distinguished on the basis of the respective frequencies, and the paper type is determined on the basis of this diffusing characteristic.