Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle includes a friction clutch that transmits a driving force to rear wheels, a hydraulic circuit including a control valve that reduces a pressure of hydraulic oil discharged from a hydraulic pump down to a control pressure corresponding to a control current, and the cylinder and a piston that receives the oil from hydraulic circuit the to press the friction clutch. In the hydraulic circuit, a ratio of an change amount in a feeding pressure to the cylinder to an change amount in the control current, when the feeding pressure to the cylinder is lower than a predetermined value, is lower than when the feeding pressure applied to the cylinder is equal to or higher than the predetermined value. The control apparatus controls a pressure of the hydraulic oil fed to the cylinder lower than the predetermined value when switching the driving state.

Abstract: A moving image encoding/decoding system may include a video predictive encoding device, which may include: an encoding device which encodes each of a plurality of input pictures to generate compressed picture data including a random access picture, and encodes data about display order information of each picture; a restoration device which decodes the compressed picture data to restore a reproduced picture; a picture storage device which stores the reproduced picture as a reference picture; and a memory management device which controls the picture storage device. Following completion of an encoding process of generating the random access picture, the memory management device refreshes the picture storage device by setting every reference picture in the picture storage device, except for the random access picture, as unnecessary immediately before or immediately after encoding a picture with display order information larger than the display order information of the random access picture.

Abstract: A predictive coding system can encode motion vectors by determining a motion vector of a target partition in a frame picture of an encoding target; determining a first motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to a left-neighboring region to the target partition; determining a second motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to an above-neighboring region to the target partition; selecting an optimum motion vector predictor and outputting motion vector predictor indication information to specify the selected optimum motion vector predictor, the optimum motion vector predictor selected based on comparison between one or more motion vector predictor candidates including the first motion vector predictor candidate and the second motion vector predictor candidate, and the motion vector of the target partition; and encoding the motion vector predictor indication information.

Abstract: A moving image encoding/decoding system may include a video predictive encoding device, which may include: an encoding device which encodes each of a plurality of input pictures to generate compressed picture data including a random access picture, and encodes data about display order information of each picture; a restoration device which decodes the compressed picture data to restore a reproduced picture; a picture storage device which stores the reproduced picture as a reference picture; and a memory management device which controls the picture storage device. Following completion of an encoding process of generating the random access picture, the memory management device refreshes the picture storage device by setting every reference picture in the picture storage device, except for the random access picture, as unnecessary immediately before or immediately after encoding a picture with display order information larger than the display order information of the random access picture.

Abstract: A video predictive coding system includes a video predictive encoding device having: an input circuit to receive pictures constituting a video sequence; an encoding circuit which conducts predictive coding of a target picture using, as reference pictures, pictures encoded and reconstructed in the past, to generate compressed picture data; a reconstruction circuit to decode the compressed picture data to reconstruct a reproduced picture; picture storage to store the reproduced picture as a reference picture for encoding of a subsequent picture; and a buffer management circuit which controls the picture storage, (prior to predictive encoding of the target picture), on the basis of buffer description information BD[k] related to reference pictures used in predictive encoding of the target picture, encodes the buffer description information BD[k] with reference to buffer description information BD[m] for a picture different from the target picture, and adds encoded data thereof to the compressed picture data.

Abstract: A video predictive coding system includes a video predictive encoding device having: an input circuit to receive pictures constituting a video sequence; an encoding circuit which conducts predictive coding of a target picture using, as reference pictures, pictures encoded and reconstructed in the past, to generate compressed picture data; a reconstruction circuit to decode the compressed picture data to reconstruct a reproduced picture; picture storage to store the reproduced picture as a reference picture for encoding of a subsequent picture; and a buffer management circuit which controls the picture storage, (prior to predictive encoding of the target picture), on the basis of buffer description information BD[k] related to reference pictures used in predictive encoding of the target picture, encodes the buffer description information BD[k] with reference to buffer description information BD[m] for a picture different from the target picture, and adds encoded data thereof to the compressed picture data.

Abstract: An encoding target region in an image can be partitioned into a plurality of prediction regions. Based on prediction information of a neighboring region neighboring a target region, the number of previously-encoded prediction regions in the target region, and previously-encoded prediction information of the target region, a candidate for motion information to be used in generation of a predicted signal of the target prediction region as a next prediction region is selected from previously-encoded motion information of regions neighboring the target prediction region. According to the number of candidates for motion information selected, merging block information to indicate generation of the predicted signal of the target prediction region using the selected candidate for motion information and motion information detected by prediction information estimation means, or either one of the merging block information or the motion information is encoded.

Abstract: A predictive coding system can encode motion vectors by determining a motion vector of a target partition in a frame picture of an encoding target; determining a first motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to a left-neighboring region to the target partition; determining a second motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to an above-neighboring region to the target partition; selecting an optimum motion vector predictor and outputting motion vector predictor indication information to specify the selected optimum motion vector predictor, the optimum motion vector predictor selected based on comparison between one or more motion vector predictor candidates including the first motion vector predictor candidate and the second motion vector predictor candidate, and the motion vector of the target partition; and encoding the motion vector predictor indication information.

Abstract: An encoding target region in an image can be partitioned into a plurality of prediction regions. Based on prediction information of a neighboring region neighboring a target region, the number of previously-encoded prediction regions in the target region, and previously-encoded prediction information of the target region, a candidate for motion information to be used in generation of a predicted signal of the target prediction region as a next prediction region is selected from previously-encoded motion information of regions neighboring the target prediction region. According to the number of candidates for motion information selected, merging block information to indicate generation of the predicted signal of the target prediction region using the selected candidate for motion information and motion information detected by prediction information estimation means, or either one of the merging block information or the motion information is encoded.

Abstract: A decoding device includes a decoder that decodes information of a direction of intra-picture prediction of a target block and compression data of a residual signal, a prediction signal generator that generates an intra-picture prediction signal using the information of the direction and an previously reconstructed reference sample of an adjacent block, a residual signal restorator that restores a reconstructed residual signal of the target block, and a block storage that restores and stores a pixel signal of the target block. The prediction signal generator derives reference samples from a previously reconstructed block neighbouring the target block stored, selects two or more key reference samples, performs an interpolation process between the key reference samples for generating interpolated reference samples, and generates the intra-picture prediction signal by extrapolating the interpolated reference samples based on the direction of the intra-picture prediction.

Abstract: A decoding device includes a decoder that decodes information of a direction of intra-picture prediction of a target block and compression data of a residual signal, a prediction signal generator that generates an intra-picture prediction signal using the information of the direction and an previously reconstructed reference sample of an adjacent block, a residual signal restorator that restores a reconstructed residual signal of the target block, and a block storage that restores and stores a pixel signal of the target block. The prediction signal generator derives reference samples from a previously reconstructed block neighbouring the target block stored, selects two or more key reference samples, performs an interpolation process between the key reference samples for generating interpolated reference samples, and generates the intra-picture prediction signal by extrapolating the interpolated reference samples based on the direction of the intra-picture prediction.

Abstract: A decoding device includes a decoder that decodes information of a direction of intra-picture prediction of a target block and compression data of a residual signal, a prediction signal generator that generates an intra-picture prediction signal using the information of the direction and an previously reconstructed reference sample of an adjacent block, a residual signal restorator that restores a reconstructed residual signal of the target block, and a block storage that restores and stores a pixel signal of the target block. The prediction signal generator derives reference samples from a previously reconstructed block neighbouring the target block stored, selects two or more key reference samples, performs an interpolation process between the key reference samples for generating interpolated reference samples, and generates the intra-picture prediction signal by extrapolating the interpolated reference samples based on the direction of the intra-picture prediction.

Abstract: Decoding method for a moving picture included in a coded stream, including: determining whether a prediction mode (PM) of a target block (TB) is a PM in which motion vector (MV) is not transmitted from an encoding to decoding side, based on coded stream included information; and executing a decoding process when the PM of the TB is determined as the PM in which MV is not transmitted from an encoding to decoding side, wherein a calculation method of a MV used in the second step is selected among plural calculation methods including at least: a first method to select one MV among MVs used in plural adjacent blocks adjacent to the TB; and a second method to calculate a MV based on a MV used in a block that is located at the same position as the TB in another frame positioned backward of a frame including the TB.

Abstract: Decoding method for a moving picture included in a coded stream, including: determining whether a prediction mode (PM) of a target block (TB) is a PM in which motion vector (MV) is not transmitted from an encoding to decoding side, based on coded stream included information; and executing a decoding process when the PM of the TB is determined as the PM in which MV is not transmitted from an encoding to decoding side, wherein a calculation method of a MV used in the second step is selected among plural calculation methods including at least: a first method to select one MV among MVs used in plural adjacent blocks adjacent to the TB; and a second method to calculate a MV based on a MV used in a block that is located at the same position as the TB in another frame positioned backward of a frame including the TB.

Abstract: A predicted signal generation unit provided in a video predictive encoding device estimates a zero-th motion vector for derivation of a zero-th predicted signal, selects a zero-th motion vector predictor similar to the zero-th motion vector, and generates zero-th side information containing a zero-th motion vector predictor index to identify the motion vector predictor and a motion vector difference determined from the zero-th motion vector and the zero-th motion vector predictor. The video predictive encoding device selects a motion vector for generation of a first predicted signal having a high correlation with a target region, generates first side information containing a first motion vector predictor index to identify the motion vector as a first motion vector predictor, sets the first motion vector predictor to a first motion vector, and combines the zero-th and first predicted signals to generate a predicted signal of the target region.

Abstract: A moving image encoding/decoding system may include a video predictive encoding device, which may include: an encoding device which encodes each of a plurality of input pictures to generate compressed picture data including a random access picture, and encodes data about display order information of each picture; a restoration device which decodes the compressed picture data to restore a reproduced picture; a picture storage device which stores the reproduced picture as a reference picture; and a memory management device which controls the picture storage device. Following completion of an encoding process of generating the random access picture, the memory management device refreshes the picture storage device by setting every reference picture in the picture storage device, except for the random access picture, as unnecessary immediately before or immediately after encoding a picture with display order information larger than the display order information of the random access picture.

Abstract: A driving force transmitting apparatus is provided which enables rotational resistance of rotating members to be suppressed while sufficiently supplying lubricant to a friction clutch. A driving force transmitting apparatus includes a clutch drum having a cylindrical portion, an inner shaft having an end housed in the clutch drum, a friction clutch having outer clutch plates that rotate along with the clutch drum and inner clutch plates that rotate along with the inner shaft, a piston that presses the friction clutch, and a housing in which a first housing chamber housing the friction clutch is formed and in which a storage chamber storing lubricant scooped up by rotation of the clutch drum is also formed. The lubricant stored in the storage chamber returns to the first housing chamber through an inner circulation path leading to inside the clutch drum and an outer circulation path leading to outside the clutch drum.

Abstract: A predictive coding system can encode motion vectors by determining a motion vector of a target partition in a frame picture of an encoding target; determining a first motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to a left-neighboring region to the target partition; determining a second motion vector predictor candidate from a motion vector or motion vectors of one or more partitions belonging to an above-neighboring region to the target partition; selecting an optimum motion vector predictor and outputting motion vector predictor indication information to specify the selected optimum motion vector predictor, the optimum motion vector predictor selected based on comparison between one or more motion vector predictor candidates including the first motion vector predictor candidate and the second motion vector predictor candidate, and the motion vector of the target partition; and encoding the motion vector predictor indication information.

Abstract: An encoding target region in an image can be partitioned into a plurality of prediction regions. Based on prediction information of a neighboring region neighboring a target region, the number of previously-encoded prediction regions in the target region, and previously-encoded prediction information of the target region, a candidate for motion information to be used in generation of a predicted signal of the target prediction region as a next prediction region is selected from previously-encoded motion information of regions neighboring the target prediction region. According to the number of candidates for motion information selected, merging block information to indicate generation of the predicted signal of the target prediction region using the selected candidate for motion information and motion information detected by prediction information estimation means, or either one of the merging block information or the motion information is encoded.

Abstract: An image predictive encoding device can efficiently encode an image, while suppressing an increase in prediction information and reducing the prediction error of a target block. In an image predictive encoding device, according to one embodiment, to produce a prediction signal of a partition in a target region, it is decided whether prediction information of a neighbouring region can be used. When prediction information of the neighbouring region can be used, a region width of the partition where the prediction information of the neighbouring region is used to produce the prediction signal is determined. The prediction signal of the target region is produced from a reconstructed signal based on at least one of the region width, the prediction information of the target region, and the prediction information of the neighbouring region. The prediction information, information identifying the region width, and a residual signal are encoded.