Abstract: A biological material detection apparatus which detects a charged biological material such as a gene or protein contained in a sample liquid is disclosed. A biological material detection element includes a substrate, at least one first electrode formed on the substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes which are arrayed at predetermined intervals around the first electrode on the substrate along the circumferential direction and to which ligands that react with predetermined biological materials are respectively immobilized. A sample liquid is introduced toward the first electrode on the substrate. The introduced sample liquid is moved radially toward the second electrodes by electrical control.

Abstract: A biological material detection apparatus which detects a charged biological material such as a gene or protein contained in a sample liquid is disclosed. A biological material detection element includes a substrate, at least one first electrode formed on the substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes which are arrayed at predetermined intervals around the first electrode on the substrate along the circumferential direction and to which ligands that react with predetermined biological materials are respectively immobilized. A sample liquid is introduced toward the first electrode on the substrate. The introduced sample liquid is moved radially toward the second electrodes by electrical control.

Abstract: The present invention provides an immunological analysis carrier comprising at least one of an antibody against a target substance, an agent capable of specifically binding a target substance, a part of an antibody against a target substance and a part of an agent capable of specifically binding a target substance, the at least one of the antibody, the agent, the part of the antibody and the part of the agent being immobilized on the carrier's surface.

Abstract: A device for forming a bilayer lipid membrane from a lipid membrane, including: a first solution container which contains a first solution; a second solution container which contains a second solution; a partition wall which is located between the first solution container and the second solution container, and has a hole; a mechanism which applies a lipid solution to the hole; and a mechanism which provides a physical stimulus to a lipid membrane formed in the hole.

Abstract: A sample solution measuring device for detecting dissolved substances in a sample solution by measuring a potential difference between the sample solution and a reference solution, the sample solution measuring device, including: a sample solution container; a reference solution container; a substrate thin film is located between the sample solution container and the reference solution container and having a hole in which a bilayer lipid membrane is formed, where the sample solution and the reference solution come into contact with each other; a mechanism which forms the bilayer lipid membrane by ejecting a lipid solution; and, a mechanism which ejects a cleaning fluid to the substrate thin film.

Abstract: A biological material detection apparatus which detects a charged biological material such as a gene or protein contained in a sample liquid is disclosed. A biological material detection element includes a substrate, at least one first electrode formed on the substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes which are arrayed at predetermined intervals around the first electrode on the substrate along the circumferential direction and to which ligands that react with predetermined biological materials are respectively immobilized. A sample liquid is introduced toward the first electrode on the substrate. The introduced sample liquid is moved radially toward the second electrodes by electrical control.

Abstract: A single stranded nucleic acid probe having a base sequence complementary to the gene to be detected is immobilized onto the surface of an electrode or the tip of an optical fiber, and the nucleic probe is reacted with the gene sample denatured to a single stranded form, and then the nucleic acid probe hybridized with the gene is detected. In this procedure, to the reaction system consisting of the nucleic acid probe and the gene sample, a double stranded nucleic acid recognizing substance capable of binding specifically to the double stranded nucleic acid and being active electrochemically or optically is added. The detection of the nucleic acid probe is conducted by electrochemical or optical determination utilizing the electrode or optical fiber mentioned above. By this method, safer and more convenient detection of the gene is possible at a higher sensitivity even in a reduced time period.

Abstract: A porous absorbent made of a filter, a filter material or a sponge material is inserted into a polluted part of soil or groundwater containing environmental pollutants such as chlorinated solvents or heavy metal ions. The porous absorbent is inserted into the polluted environment such that its one end comes into contact with the pollutants and the other end is exposed to air. The porous absorbent allows the pollutants absorbed thereby to rise up to its air-exposed end through the vaporizing activity of the pollutant themselves and of the water containing them. The pollutants are allowed to evaporate from the air-exposed end to be dissipated into the air, or to concentrate at the air-exposed end for later removal. Further, microorganisms fixed to the porous absorbent are used to decompose pollutants for removal, or to absorb pollutants for removal. Those pollutant eliminating methods allow efficient elimination of even highly concentrated pollutants at a low cost without requiring complicated processes.

Abstract: A single stranded nucleic acid probe having a base sequence complementary to the gene to be detected is immobilized onto the surface of an electrode or the tip of an optical fiber, and the nucleic probe is reacted with the gene sample denatured to a single stranded form, and then the nucleic acid probe hybridized with the gene is detected. In this procedure, to the reaction system consisting of the nucleic acid probe and the gene sample, a double stranded nucleic acid recognizing substance capable of binding specifically to the double stranded nucleic acid and being active electrochemically or optically is added. The detection of the nucleic acid probe is conducted by electrochemical or optical determination utilizing the electrode or optical fiber mentioned above. By this method, safer and more convenient detection of the gene is possible at a higher sensitivity even in a reduced time period.

Abstract: There is disclosed, in an immunoassay employing an immunoassay reagent comprising liposomes comprised of at least any one of phospholipids and glycolipids, a marker material enclosed in said liposomes, and an antibody or part of the antibody, or an antigen, immobilized on said liposomes by a cross-linking method, the improvement wherein a material for preventing nonspecific lysis of the liposomes is made present together in a reaction mixture.

Abstract: A lipid represented by the following formula (I) can react with and immobilize a bioactive substance at functional group --Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X:R--Y--(CH.sub.2)n--X (I)wherein X is a halogen atom, Y is --NHCO--, --COO--, or --O--, R is a lipid residue, n is an integer from 1 to 6. In order to immobilize a bioactive substance to this lipid, an SH group is preferably introduced to the bioactive substance. A liposome reagent comprising a liposome including a bioactive substance-immobilized composition containing at least the above lipids, a bioactive substance immobilized on the surface of the liposome, and a marker substance enclosed in the liposome does not cause a nonspecific reaction in a protein-containing sample such as blood or serum and hence is stable upon immunoassay. Therefore, with this liposome reagent, immunoassay can be performed with high accuracy and sensitivity.

Abstract: An upper deflection coil comprising a toroidal coil. A lower deflection coil comprising a saddle-shaped coil to minimize the combined inductance of the upper and lower deflection coils. A single scanning signal generator which supplies the deflection coils with scanning signals having different frequencies, ranging from low scanning speeds to television scanning speeds. Thus, no image shift occurs when changing scanning speeds in between television scanning speeds and other scanning speeds.