Abstract: An electric power demand adjusting system restrains fluctuation in an incentive for adjusting the demand for electric power or fluctuation in an electric power demand adjustment amount caused by an incentive. The system includes a central apparatus, lower units, and computing machine systems of consumers, which are connected through a communication network. The computing machine system of the central apparatus has a device for predicting a demand, a device for determining the electric power demand adjustment amounts to be sent to the lower units on the basis of the predicted demand and information that includes historical data regarding the electric power demand adjustments of the lower units, and a device for transmitting the determined electric power demand adjustment amounts to the lower units. The arrangement restrains the fluctuation in incentives required for adjusting the demand for electric power.

Abstract: A power generator controller includes a power system monitor and a power generator output optimizing part. The power system monitor keeps check on current status of a power system and puts out an electricity demand. The power generator output optimizing part solves an objective function for determining outputs of power generators of the power system at an interval under a supply and demand balancing constraint which imposes agreement between electric power demanded and electric power supplied. The objective function minimizes total costs in power generation. The power generator output optimizing part solves the objective function further considering an automatic frequency control capacity constraint based on an upper limit of rates of change of outputs of power generators of the power system.

Abstract: There is provided a power generator controller which includes a power system monitor and a power generator output optimizing part. The power system monitor keeps check on a current status of a power system and puts out a demand on electricity. The power generator output optimizing part solves an objective function for determining outputs of power generators at a predetermined interval under a supply and demand balancing constraint which imposes the agreement between electric power demanded and electric power supplied. The objective function requires minimal total costs in power generation. Herein, the power generator output optimizing part solves the objective function further in consideration of an AFC capacity constraint that is determined based on an upper limit of changing speed of power generators.

Abstract: There has been a problem in that when an electric power supplier carries out demand control by discount or the like, it cannot suitably estimate an amount of demand control and a cost for it. Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a power supply plan making support method such as enables support upon making a generator operation plan and a power purchase plan by considering power demand control. A predicted cost for demand control is expressed by an equation to enable a concept of demand control to be easily reflected in equations for calculation for presenting information for an electric power supply plan, thereby enabling presentation of a suitable amount of demand control and a necessary cost.

Abstract: Data on electric energy consumption of respective electric power consumers are collected in a predetermined period. Total electric energy consumption by the electric power consumers are classified into m levels. Degree of load contribution of the electric power consumers in consideration of at least load factors of the load factors which are ratios of average values of the consumed electric energy of the electric power consumers to the maximum values of the consumed electric energy and uniformity coefficient which are ratios of sum totals of the maximum values of the consumed electric energy of the electric power consumers belonging to the same level of consumed electric energy in the period are classified into n levels, the respective electric power consumers are divided into m×n number of classes and the result is displayed or stored.

Abstract: An electric power demand adjusting system restrains fluctuation in an incentive required for adjusting the demand for electric power or fluctuation in an electric power demand adjustment amount caused by an incentive. The system includes a central apparatus, a plurality of lower units, and computing machine systems of consumers, which are connected through the intermediary of a communication network. The computing machine system of the central apparatus has a device for projecting a demand, a device for determining the electric power demand adjustment amounts to be sent to the lower units on the basis of the projected demand and the information that includes the history data regarding the electric power demand adjustments of the plurality of the lower units, and a device for transmitting the determined electric power demand adjustment amounts to the plurality of lower units. The arrangement restrains the fluctuation in incentives required for adjusting the demand for electric power.

Abstract: A desired value of reactive power flow between a to-be-controlled power system and an adjoining power system is determined according to measured values of the reactive power flow and an effective power flow and desired voltage values of the to-be-controlled power system and of the adjoining power system. Thereafter, a required value of a reactive power of the to-be-controlled power system is calculated according to the desired value of the reactive power flow, the measured values of the reactive power flow and the effective power flow, and the desired voltage value and a measured voltage value in the to-be-controlled power system. Thereafter, a control apparatus having an electric capacity near to the required value of the reactive power is selected from control apparatus arranged in the to-be-controlled power system to make the selected control apparatus adjust a voltage of the to-be-controlled power system.

Abstract: A command value decision unit capable of solving a problem of a conventional system in that when using a static fuel consuming characteristic model obtained by the least squares method as a fuel consuming characteristic model, it is sometimes difficult to decide the output command value P.sub.m * of each plant at high accuracy owing to the deviation of collected data and the response delay of the plants. The command value decision unit generates an output decision model of each plant by extracting items that affect the fuel consumption at the present time from among the items of the fuel consuming characteristic model of each plant, which is formed by taking account of hysteresis characteristics of the plant, and decides the output command value of the plant on the basis of the output decision model.

Abstract: A neural network system includes input, intermediate and output layers, each layer containing at least one neural network element, each having an input and output, for simulating a neuron; and a plurality of inter-layer connections between neural elements wherein each input layer element has a connection to at least one intermediate layer element, and each intermediate layer element has a connection to at least one output layer element. Each inter-layer connection has a connecting weight. The system further includes sampling data and teaming data. The sampling data has pairs of values, each pair including an input value and corresponding output value, the input value having regular intervals. The learning data has at least three pairs of values, each pair including an input value and corresponding desired output value, the input values having irregular intervals.

Abstract: A neural network apparatus and method for use in applications such as in a voltage/reactive-power controller in which a neuro control-object simulator and a neuro controller pre-learn so as to make input-output relations of the controller match the input-output relations of a control unit and so as to make input-output relations of the simulator match input-output relations of a control object. The controller re-learns so as to make the output of the simulator match an input corresponding to a desired output of the control object. After re-learning, the controller controls the control-object.

Abstract: A monitoring diagnostic apparatus for detecting an abnormality occurring in an object being monitored such as electrical equipment and determining the cause of the abnormality is disclosed. First of all, vibration or partial discharge occurring in the monitored object is detected by using a sensor installed in close proximity to the monitored object. A detection signal output by the sensor then undergoes predetermined signal processing such as the Fourier transform and normalization. After the predetermined signal processing is completed, a neural network identifies the abnormality occurring in the monitored object and determining the cause of the abnormality. The neural network carries out a learning process based on causes of abnormalities occurring in the monitored object, outputting signals corresponding to the causes of the abnormalities.

Abstract: A monitoring diagnostic device for an electrical appliance such as gas insulated switchgear includes a sensor, such as an acceleration sensor, and a neural network including an input layer, an intermediate layer, and an output layer, each consisting of a plurality of neural elements. The input, intermediate and output layers are coupled to each other via a plurality of connection weights. The output of the sensor is first processed and then is supplied to the neural elements of the input layer. The connection weights are adjusted by means of learning data such that the output from the neural elements of the output layer of the neural network correctly identifies the causes of abnormality of the electrical appliance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve moving system of an over head valve engine, minimized the overall height of cylinder head and head cover by inclining valve stems and footing bolts of rocker arm supports, and by disposing the part of upper wall of the cylinder head, where said footing bolts are screwed in, lower than bosses for supporting valve stems, which are also formed on said upper wall of said cylinder head, so as to match said engine with any machines which have a side valve engine for general use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling means for the squish part of an air cooling over head valve engine, comprising a fan disposed in front of said engine for generating cooling wind. A fan case is provided which covers the front side of the fan and engine. A wind tunnel is formed through the cylinder head of said engine near the squish area and is aligned so as to pass a cooling wind, generated by the fan, above the squish area. The engine is provided with an intake and exhaust ports opening at the front and rear surfaces of said cylinder head, respectively. In the lateral side of the wind tunnel, an intake or exhaust pipe is disposed laterally over the front space of the tunnel, so as to guide cooling wind blown up from the fan to the tunnel along its lower peripheral surface thereof.