Abstract: A plasma reactor for diamond synthesis includes a microwave generator, a waveguide connected to the microwave generator, an antenna disposed within the waveguide to direct the microwaves propagated along the waveguide toward the interior of a reaction chamber, a microwave window provided above the upper wall of the waveguide, a reaction chamber defined by (a) a cylindrical bottom member hermetically joined to the microwave window and the waveguide, (b) a reaction gas inlet port and a gas outlet port in the side wall thereof, and (c) a substrate holder disposed within the reaction chamber in facing opposition to the microwave window so as to be moved toward and away from the microwave window to adjust the distance between the microwave window and the substrate holder to generate a desired microwave resonance mode.

Abstract: A method of measuring the temperature in a high pressure furnace of a hot isostatic pressing apparatus, wherein a closed-end pipe having its inside communicated with the inside of the high pressure furnace and enabling a pressure medium to pass therethrough is disposed in the furnace, an incident top end of an optical fiber, a bundle of optical fibers or like other equivalent optical rod-like memeber is disposed to the open end of the closed-end pipe so as to be capable of receiving thermally radiated light from the inside of the closed-ended pipe and an exit rear end thereof is led out through a cover and to the outside of said high pressure vessel and a measuring system is connected to said exit rear end to detect heat radiation power from the top end of the closed-end pipe to thereby measure the temperature inside of the furnace.

Abstract: A probe for detecting wear of a refractory wall, including plural sheathed probe elements of different lengths each consisting of a pair of high melting point wires disposed in parallel and insulated from each other except at least the fore end portions of the wires which form a normally closed or normally open sensing point, a sheath enclosure accommodating the probe elements such that the sensing points of the respective probe elements are located at different positions along the length of the sheath enclosure and holding the probe elements in parallel relation and out of contact with each other, and a number of dummy elements formed of a material similar to the probe elements and connected to the fore ends thereof in a manner to complement the lengths of the shorter of the probe elements. There is also disclosed a detection circuit for monitoring wear of a refractory wall in a molten metal processing apparatus in a simple and accurate manner by the use of the probe.

Abstract: A thermal sensor for detecting temperature distribution in a deposit layer on the refractory walls of a blast furnace or the like, including a temperature probe assembly having temperature sensing areas at different points along the length thereof, an outer protective casing for accommodating the probe assembly, a number of annular fin members fitted on the temperature sensing areas of the probe assembly and secured to the outer protective casing, and an insulating material filled between the outer protective casing and the probe assembly for thermally insulating the fine members from each other.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the wear of refractor walls of a blast furnace wherein temperature is sensed at different points across the thickness of the furnace walls and various electric representations of the internal phenomena of the blast furnace are derived as trigger signals. Analysis is carried out as to the correlation between the trigger signals and variations in the temperatures at the furnace walls in terms of the time delay, thus predicting the present status of the wear of the furnace walls. A temperature probe assembly is also disclosed which is useful in sensing the temperature distribution of the refractory walls. The temperature probe assembly includes a plurality of parallel sheath type thermocouples or thermometers.

Abstract: A method of measuring the temperature in a high pressure furnace of a hot isostatic pressing apparatus, wherein a closed-end pipe having its inside communicated with the inside of the high pressure furnace and enabling a pressure medium to pass therethrough is disposed in the furnace, an incident top end of an optical fiber, a bundle of optical fibers or like other equivalent optical rod-like memeber is disposed to the open end of the closed-end pipe so as to be capable of receiving thermally radiated light from the inside of the closed-ended pipe and an exit rear end thereof is led out through a cover and to the outside of said high pressure vessel and a measuring system is connected to said exit rear end to detect heat radiation power from the top end of the closed-end pipe to thereby measure the temperature inside of the furnace.