Abstract: A server performs authentication, in response to an authentication request from a client PC and issues a token, when the user of an application is permitted. When the client PC needs to use the application in an offline state, the client PC requests the server to change over to a standalone mode. The server then changes the issued token to an offline token that is valid for a predetermined time period. The offline token includes dynamic date and time information that is updated on every occasion of authentication, as well as static information indicating a validity period. Including the dynamic date and time information prevents illegal use of the token by causing the client PC's timepiece to go back in time after expiration of the validity period. This configuration enables an online authentication system to be used offline, while preventing illegal use, taking advantages of both online and offline authentications.

Abstract: A server performs authentication, in response to an authentication request from a client PC and issues a token, when the user of an application is permitted. When the client PC needs to use the application in an offline state, the client PC requests the server to change over to a standalone mode. The server then changes the issued token to an offline token that is valid for a predetermined time period. The offline token includes dynamic date and time information that is updated on every occasion of authentication, as well as static information indicating a validity period. Including the dynamic date and time information prevents illegal use of the token by causing the client PC's timepiece to go back in time after expiration of the validity period. This configuration enables an online authentication system to be used offline, while preventing illegal use, taking advantages of both online and offline authentications.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first base body, a second base body, a third base body held between the first base body and the second base body, a first functional element disposed in a first cavity surrounded by the first base body and the third base body, and a second functional element disposed in a second cavity surrounded by the second base body and the third base body.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first base body, a second base body, a third base body held between the first base body and the second base body, a first functional element disposed in a first cavity surrounded by the first base body and the third base body, and a second functional element disposed in a second cavity surrounded by the second base body and the third base body.

Abstract: An arc welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out by the use of a shielding gas consisting of a rare gas alone or a mixed gas of a rare gas and a small amount of an oxygen gas; and an additional welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out while moving a weld line in the form of a straight line. The former method allows the enhancement of a Charpy value in combination with improved fatigue strength, and the latter allows the experience of heat history of the material having a low transformation temperature to be suppressed, resulting in the prevention of weld crack in combination with an improved fatigue strength.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave chip formed with an inter-digital transducer entirely over a piezoelectric substrate. In the surface acoustic wave chip, the inter-digital transducer is extended to a rim of the piezoelectric substrate, and a partition section is provided all the way to the rim of the piezoelectric substrate to partition an electrode pattern to derive two of the inter-digital transducers.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a surface acoustic wave (SAW) chip and a cover that are bonded in a body by bonding a metal bonding portion of the SAW chip and a metal bonding portion of the cover and bonding extraction electrodes of the SAW chip and connection electrodes of the cover so as to hermetically seal IDT electrodes disposed on a main surface of a piezoelectric substrate of the SAW chip within a space defined between the SAW chip and the cover. The IDT electrodes and external electrodes on an upper surface of an insulating substrate of the cover are electrically connected to each other through conductive materials formed in through-holes.

Abstract: A method of controlling ignition timing of an engine. In the control method, final ignition timing for performing ignition is calculated by adding a variation component to a set ignition timing. According to the final ignition timing, an indicated average effective pressure of an in-cylinder pressure detected when ignition is performed is calculated. An ignition timing characteristic curve indicating the correlation between the indicated average effective pressure and the variation component is estimated and optimal ignition timing is calculated from the characteristic curve. Feedback control for converging the set ignition timing to the optimal ignition timing is then performed. Consequently, the ignition timing is controlled to an optimal ignition timing corresponding to a current operational state of the engine.

Abstract: A method of controlling ignition timing of an engine. In the control method, final ignition timing for performing ignition is calculated by adding a variation component to a set ignition timing. According to the final ignition timing, an indicated average effective pressure of an in-cylinder pressure detected when ignition is performed is calculated. An ignition timing characteristic curve indicating the correlation between the indicated average effective pressure and the variation component is estimated and optimal ignition timing is calculated from the characteristic curve. Feedback control for converging the set ignition timing to the optimal ignition timing is then performed. Consequently, the ignition timing is controlled to an optimal ignition timing corresponding to a current operational state of the engine.

Abstract: An arc welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out by the use of a shielding gas consisting of a rare gas alone or a mixed gas of a rare gas and a small amount of an oxygen gas; and an additional welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out while moving a weld line in the form of a straight line. The former method allows the enhancement of a Charpy value in combination with improved fatigue strength, and the latter allows the experience of heat history of the material having a low transformation temperature to be suppressed, resulting in the prevention of weld crack in combination with an improved fatigue strength.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave chip formed with an inter-digital transducer entirely over a piezoelectric substrate. In the surface acoustic wave chip, the inter-digital transducer is extended to a rim of the piezoelectric substrate, and a partition section is provided all the way to the rim of the piezoelectric substrate to partition an electrode pattern to derive two of the inter-digital transducers.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a surface acoustic wave (SAW) chip and a cover that are bonded in a body by bonding a metal bonding portion of the SAW chip and a metal bonding portion of the cover and bonding extraction electrodes of the SAW chip and connection electrodes of the cover so as to hermetically seal IDT electrodes disposed on a main surface of a piezoelectric substrate of the SAW chip within a space defined between the SAW chip and the cover. The IDT electrodes and external electrodes on an upper surface of an insulating substrate of the cover are electrically connected to each other through conductive materials formed in through-holes.

Abstract: The invention provides a piezoelectric substrate in the form of a rectangular plate in which a Rayleigh wave is propagated, and an IDT and a reflector are provided by forming interdigital electrodes on the piezoelectric substrate. At least an end face on a shorter side of the piezoelectric substrate on a top side thereof is formed as a vertical smooth surface that is substantially in parallel with a conductor strip at an end of the reflector in the position of an imaginary node of a stress wave exiting the conductor strip, thereby providing a reflecting end face to reflect the stress wave.

Abstract: A highly automated, high volume multichannel pipetting system which transfers liquid from mother plates to daughter plates, or from a fill station to daughter plates. The mother plates are stacked in one set of stacker assemblies, while the empty daughter plates are stacked in another stacker assembly. A plate handling assembly which is capable of moving the plates in three orthogonal directions retrieves the plates from the stacker assemblies, carries them to the pipetting head, and returns them to other stacker assemblies. The pipetting head is removable for replacement or repair thereof, or for insertion of another head assembly having a different number of pipetting channels. The head slides into the housing on slideways, and is retained in place by manually operable, threaded knobs mounted on shafts. The stacker assemblies include a chimney which is removable from a base. The plates may be stacked in the chimney and then inserted on the base.

Abstract: An arc welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out by the use of a shielding gas consisting of a rare gas alone or a mixed gas of a rare gas and a small amount of an oxygen gas; and an additional welding method using a welding material having a low transformation temperature, characterized in that it is carried out while moving a weld line in the form of a straight line. The former method allows the enhancement of a Charpy value in combination with improved fatigue strength, and the latter allows the experience of heat history of the material having a low transformation temperature to be suppressed, resulting in the prevention of weld crack in combination with an improved fatigue strength.

Abstract: In a substrate in which a reflection coefficient ? of a surface acoustic wave per electrode is small, the invention obtains a Q value or a CI value level, which is equivalent to or higher than that of a related art product, at a device size which is equivalent to the related art product which addresses the problem that the size of a surface acoustic wave resonator becomes larger. A surface acoustic wave resonator includes one interdigital transducer to excite a surface acoustic wave in a propagation direction x on a piezoelectric plate and a pair of reflectors arranged on both sides thereof in the propagation direction. The interdigital transducer is divided into three regions. The electrode fingers of the interdigital transducer of each region are formed at a fixed pitch which differs within 2%. The surface acoustic wave resonator possesses a single peak response.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for transferring a microplate having a plurality of wells arranged in a matrix of lengthwise and crosswise rows relative to stationary dispenser nozzles spaced at regular intervals in the crosswise direction for dispensing a liquid matter into the wells. The number of the nozzles being smaller than the number of the wells in each crosswise row of the microplate. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of the nozzles corresponds to half the number of the wells in a crosswise row.

Abstract: In a substrate in which a reflection coefficient &ggr; of a surface acoustic wave per electrode is small, the invention obtains a Q value or a CI value level, which is equivalent to or higher than that of a related art product, at a device size which is equivalent to the related art product which addresses the problem that the size of a surface acoustic wave resonator becomes larger. A surface acoustic wave resonator includes one interdigital transducer to excite a surface acoustic wave in a propagation direction x on a piezoelectric plate and a pair of reflectors arranged on both sides thereof in the propagation direction. The interdigital transducer is divided into three regions. The electrode fingers of the interdigital transducer of each region are formed at a fixed pitch which differs within 2%. The surface acoustic wave resonator possesses a single peak response.

Abstract: Efficient welding can easily enhance strength of a welded joint. A welding material, made of an iron-based alloy containing Si in the range of from 0.6% by weight to 2.0% by weight, which allows a welded joint strength to be enhanced by introducing compressive residual stress in the neighborhood of a welded part by transformation expansion, is provided.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser characterized by a dispensing head which is movable upward and downward as a whole and comprises a plurality of plungers supported by a plunger plate, drive means for moving the plunger plate upward and downward, a plurality of cylinders in which the plungers slidably fit, and a plurality of nozzles arranged at the lower ends of the cylinders and having configurations adapted to engage airtightly with holes for holding specific dispensing tips, the plurality of nozzles being supported by a single nozzle holder, which is built to be detachable from said dispensing head. According to the invention, only the nozzle holder that support nozzles has to be replaced with another holder conforming to dispensing tips of different dimensions. The arrangement facilitates the replacement and make the dispenser available at lower cost.