Abstract: On manufacturing a low voltage electron beam excitation phosphor display apparatus (10) which includes an anode (6) having a principal surface and enclosed in a vacuum chamber (1, 2, and 3), a phosphor film (7) formed on the principal surface, and a cathode (9) enclosed in the vacuum chamber opposite to the phosphor film, a phosphor is prepared which consists essentially of an oxisulfide and an oxide which is inevitably formed on a surface of the oxisulfide on preparing the phosphor. The oxisulfide is represented by Ln.sub.2 O.sub.2 S:R, where Ln is at least one selected from a group consisting of Gd, La, Y, and Lu and where R is a rare-earth element. The oxide is removed from the phosphor to produce an oxide-removed phosphor. A pasts comprising a mixture of the oxide-removed phosphor, a conductive material, and an autolytic type binder is coated on the principal surface of the anode which is formed on an insulating substrate (1) constituting the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of negative display type, which comprises a liquid crystal cell comprising a nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates provided with electrodes, a light shielding layer covering other than the area corresponding to a display pattern, a pair of polarizing films provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell with their polarization axes arranged to permit light from a no voltage-applied portion to pass therethrough, said liquid crystal cell being adapted to apply a voltage sufficient to energize the nematic liquid crystal to the electrodes at a display pattern area other than a desired display pattern, wherein a twist angle of liquid crystal layer is in a range of 50.degree.-80.degree..