Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles and an external additive. The external additive is adhered to surfaces of the toner base particles, which contain a crystalline polyester resin and an ester wax. The proportion of an ester compound with a carbon number of C1, the content of the ester compound with a carbon number of C1 being highest among the ester compounds constituting the ester wax, is 65 mass % or more with respect to 100 mass % of the ester wax. The carbon number distribution of the ester compounds constituting the ester wax has only one maximum peak in a region where the carbon number is 43 or more. The external additive contains silica particles having a volume average primary particle diameter D50 of 40 to 75 nm. The moisture content of the silica particles is less than 1.0 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the silica particles.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing device forms a toner image on a photoconductive image carrier with toner supplied from a toner cartridge. A toner supply motor supplies the toner from the toner cartridge to the developing device based on the toner concentration. A processor detects an empty toner based on a toner supply rate, a print rate of the image data, and toner characteristics that are characteristics of the toner supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing device, the toner supply rate being calculated based on a pixel count value that is an integrated value of pixel values of the image data and a toner supply motor count value that is an integrated value of drive times of the toner supply motor.

Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles and an external additive. The external additive is adhered to surfaces of the toner base particles, which contain a crystalline polyester resin and an ester wax. The proportion of an ester compound with a carbon number of C1, the content of the ester compound with a carbon number of C1 being highest among the ester compounds constituting the ester wax, is 65 mass % or more with respect to 100 mass % of the ester wax. The carbon number distribution of the ester compounds constituting the ester wax has only one maximum peak in a region where the carbon number is 43 or more. The external additive contains silica particles having a volume average primary particle diameter D50of 40 to 75 nm. The moisture content of the silica particles is less than 1.0 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the silica particles.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing device forms a toner image on a photoconductive image carrier with toner supplied from a toner cartridge. A toner supply motor supplies the toner from the toner cartridge to the developing device based on the toner concentration. A processor detects an empty toner based on a toner supply rate, a print rate of the image data, and toner characteristics that are characteristics of the toner supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing device, the toner supply rate being calculated based on a pixel count value that is an integrated value of pixel values of the image data and a toner supply motor count value that is an integrated value of drive times of the toner supply motor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing device forms a toner image on a photoconductive image carrier with toner supplied from a toner cartridge. A toner concentration sensor detects a toner concentration in the developing device. A toner supply motor supplies the toner from the toner cartridge to the developing device based on the toner concentration. A processor detects an empty toner based on a toner supply rate, a print rate of the image data, and toner characteristics that are characteristics of the toner supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing device, the toner supply rate being calculated based on a pixel count value that is an integrated value of pixel values of the image data and a toner supply motor count value that is an integrated value of drive times of the toner supply motor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing device forms a toner image on a photoconductive image carrier with toner supplied from a toner cartridge. A toner concentration sensor detects a toner concentration in the developing device. A toner supply motor supplies the toner from the toner cartridge to the developing device based on the toner concentration. A processor detects an empty toner based on a toner supply rate, a print rate of the image data, and toner characteristics that are characteristics of the toner supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing device, the toner supply rate being calculated based on a pixel count value that is an integrated value of pixel values of the image data and a toner supply motor count value that is an integrated value of drive times of the toner supply motor.

Abstract: A sealed battery of the present invention comprises: an electrode assembly having a multilayered structure in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are layered; and a first clip. The positive electrode has a positive-electrode current collection sheet and a positive-electrode active material layer; and the negative electrode has a negative-electrode current collection sheet and a negative-electrode active material layer. The electrode assembly has the following sections: a positive-electrode extended section which is a layered portion of the positive-electrode current collection sheet and extends from the multilayered structure; and a negative-electrode extended section which is a layered portion of the negative-electrode current collection sheet and extends from the multilayered structure.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic apparatus capable of reducing the time elapsed until an acoustic wave is generated and improving the energy conversion efficiency significantly is provided. In order to solve the above-described issues, in a thermoacoustic apparatus 1 including a pair of heat exchangers 41 and 43 separately set on the high temperature side and on the low temperature side, a second stack 42 which is sandwiched between the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and which has a plurality of transmission paths in the inside, and a loop tube 2 provided with the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and the stack 42, the thermoacoustic apparatus converting acoustic energy generated in the loop tube 2 with an acoustic wave generator 3 to thermal energy by using the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and the stack 42, a narrow portion 21 in which the inner diameter is relatively reduced is disposed at a position at which the particle velocity of a standing wave generated in the loop tube 2 is in the vicinity of a maximum.

Abstract: A developing agent includes a carrier; a toner in which an inorganic oxide external additive has a coverage of from 60 to 120% relative to a core toner; and a charging auxiliary particle having charge properties of a positive electrode and having a volume average particle size of from 5 to 15 ?m in an addition amount of from 0.5 to 6% by weight relative to the developing agent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a developing agent includes a toner particle containing a binder resin and a coloring agent, and additives added onto the surface of the toner particle. The additives contain a silica fine particle having an average circularity of 0.90 or more. In the additives existing on the surface of the toner particle, an existence ratio of an additive having a minor axis a of a primary particle diameter falling within the range of from 30 nm to 70 nm is 70% or more.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic apparatus capable of reducing the time elapsed until an acoustic wave is generated and improving the energy conversion efficiency significantly is provided. In order to solve the above-described issues, in a thermoacoustic apparatus 1 including a pair of heat exchangers 41 and 43 separately set on the high temperature side and on the low temperature side, a second stack 42 which is sandwiched between the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and which has a plurality of transmission paths in the inside, and a loop tube 2 provided with the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and the stack 42, the thermoacoustic apparatus converting acoustic energy generated in the loop tube 2 with an acoustic wave generator 3 to thermal energy by using the heat exchangers 41 and 43 and the stack 42, a narrow portion 21 in which the inner diameter is relatively reduced is disposed at a position at which the particle velocity of a standing wave generated in the loop tube 2 is in the vicinity of a maximum.

Abstract: A developer supply cartridge including toner, carrier for charging the toner, a case housing the toner and the carrier, an openable partition dividing an inside of the case into a first area filled with the toner and a second area filled with the carrier, and a supply port provided in the first area, the supply port for discharging the developer including the toner and the carrier from the case.

Abstract: A developing agent includes a carrier; a toner in which an inorganic oxide external additive has a coverage of from 60 to 120% relative to a core toner; and a charging auxiliary particle having charge properties of a positive electrode and having a volume average particle size of from 5 to 15 ?m in an addition amount of from 0.5 to 6% by weight relative to the developing agent.