Abstract: A radio broadcast receiver comprising: a memory; and a processor that is coupled to the memory, and, when executing a program stored in the memory, performs operations. The operations include: receiving analog quality information indicating a reception quality of an analog radio based on a broadcast radio including a digital radio and the analog radio; and determining switching of a radio source from one of the broadcast radio and an IP radio to the other of the broadcast radio and the IP radio based on the analog quality information indicating the reception quality of the analog radio.

Abstract: An information supply device includes an acquirer configured to acquire information regarding a degree of deterioration of a secondary battery for supplying travel power of a vehicle, a deriver configured to derive performance of the secondary battery based on the information acquired by the acquirer, and a display controller configured to cause a display to display an image indicating information regarding performance of the secondary battery, the performance indicated by the image being lower than the performance derived by the deriver.

Abstract: An information supply device includes an acquirer configured to acquire information regarding a degree of deterioration of a secondary battery for supplying travel power of a vehicle, a deriver configured to derive performance of the secondary battery based on the information acquired by the acquirer, and a display controller configured to cause a display to display an image indicating information regarding performance of the secondary battery, the performance indicated by the image being lower than the performance derived by the deriver.

Abstract: A controller in a charging control system controls a charger to heat a battery at a low temperature by pulse charging and discharging up to a desired temperature and then moves to a normal charging mode. The controller calculates an ion concentration of an active material at electrode portions of the battery on the basis of the temperature data and the electric current data obtained, switch the pulse charging and discharging between a charging mode and a discharging mode on the basis of a pulse width when the ion concentration reaches a threshold.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a machine implemented method for estimating the state of charge of a battery. The machine implemented method includes providing measured and estimated cell terminal voltage to a model coefficient updater to update a model coefficient. Battery current information is provided to a battery state of charge estimator along with the updated model coefficient so that the estimated state of charge can be determined. A multi-layer model can be utilized to determine the states of charge for layers of the electrodes. The method can be implemented on a processing device, and is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A system and method of determining and applying power split ratios to power sources within hybrid vehicles. The power split ratio is determined using a two-scale dynamic programming technique to achieve optimal state of charge depletion over the course of a trip. On the macro-scale level, a global state of charge profile is created for the entire trip. On the micro-scale level, the state of charge profile and accompanying power split ratio is recalculated at the end of each segment as the vehicle proceeds along the trip. Various trip modeling techniques are used to provide constraints for the dynamic programming.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a machine implemented method for estimating the solid phase potentials of either positive or negative electrode of a battery. The machine implemented method includes providing battery voltage information and an estimated solid phase potential to a model coefficient updater to update a model coefficient. Battery current information is provided to a battery internal variable estimator along with the updated model coefficient so that the solid phase potentials can be determined. A multi-layer model can be utilized to determine the ion density of the electrodes. The method can be implemented on a processing device, and is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A controller in a charging control system controls a charger to heat a battery at a low temperature by pulse charging and discharging up to a desired temperature and then moves to a normal charging mode. The controller calculates an ion concentration of an active material at electrode portions of the battery on the basis of the temperature data and the electric current data obtained, switch the pulse charging and discharging between a charging mode and a discharging mode on the basis of a pulse width when the ion concentration reaches a threshold.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward methods of controlling the charging of a battery. The method includes the steps of receiving current and voltage output information for the battery during a charging/discharging cycle at a certain time interval, and using a model to determine both charging efficiency of the battery and the overpotential for a side reaction. These values for the charging efficiency and the overpotential of the side reaction are then compared to respective first and second given values. If either the charging efficiency or the overpotential is less than their respective given values, then the charging of the battery is suspended. The present method is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward machine implemented method for estimating the ion density of the surface of either positive or negative electrode of a battery. The machine-implemented method includes dividing each electrode into N layers of active electrode material, determining the ion density variable for each one of the N layers of the active electrode, and determining the ion density of the electrode surface. In the presently disclosed method, the ion density variable of each of the N layers of the active electrode changes as a function of the difference between the respective ion density variables of adjacent N layers, and the ion density of the electrode surface changes as a function of the battery current and the difference between the respective ion density variables of adjacent N layers. The present method is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a machine implemented method for estimating the state of charge of a battery. The machine implemented method includes providing measured and estimated cell terminal voltage to a model coefficient updater to update a model coefficient. Battery current information is provided to a battery state of charge estimator along with the updated model coefficient so that the estimated state of charge can be determined. A multi-layer model can be utilized to determine the states of charge for layers of the electrodes. The method can be implemented on a processing device, and is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a machine implemented method for estimating the solid phase potentials of either positive or negative electrode of a battery. The machine implemented method includes providing battery voltage information and an estimated solid phase potential to a model coefficient updater to update a model coefficient. Battery current information is provided to a battery internal variable estimator along with the updated model coefficient so that the solid phase potentials can be determined. A multi-layer model can be utilized to determine the ion density of the electrodes. The method can be implemented on a processing device, and is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward machine implemented method for estimating the ion density of the surface of either positive or negative electrode of a battery. The machine-implemented method includes dividing each electrode into N layers of active electrode material, determining the ion density variable for each one of the N layers of the active electrode, and determining the ion density of the electrode surface. In the presently disclosed method, the ion density variable of each of the N layers of the active electrode changes as a function of the difference between the respective ion density variables of adjacent N layers, and the ion density of the electrode surface changes as a function of the battery current and the difference between the respective ion density variables of adjacent N layers. The present method is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward methods of controlling the charging of a battery. The method includes the steps of receiving current and voltage output information for the battery during a charging/discharging cycle at a certain time interval, and using a model to determine both charging efficiency of the battery and the overpotential for a side reaction. These values for the charging efficiency and the overpotential of the side reaction are then compared to respective first and second given values. If either the charging efficiency or the overpotential is less than their respective given values, then the charging of the battery is suspended. The present method is particularly applicable to Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A system and method of determining and applying power split ratios to power sources within hybrid vehicles. The power split ratio is determined using a two-scale dynamic programming technique to achieve optimal state of charge depletion over the course of a trip. On the macro-scale level, a global state of charge profile is created for the entire trip. On the micro-scale level, the state of charge profile and accompanying power split ratio is recalculated at the end of each segment as the vehicle proceeds along the trip. Various trip modeling techniques are used to provide constraints for the dynamic programming.

Abstract: An ignition timing value of the internal-combustion engine is calculated by using correction terms including a first correction term that is calculated based on a controlled variable without reflecting a desired value and a second correction term that is calculated based on a difference between the controlled variable and the desired value. The first correction term can be calculated based on the controlled variable with no influence of the desired value. Thus, a sudden change does not occur in the feedback controlled variable even in a situation where the difference between the controlled variable and the desired value changes step-wise. Besides, the first correction term is a proportional term (51) and the second correction term is an integral term (55). The controlled variable is a rotational speed of the internal-combustion engine (NE) that is detected by a detector for detecting the engine rotational speed.

Abstract: An ignition timing value of the internal-combustion engine is calculated by using correction terms including a first correction term that is calculated based on a controlled variable without reflecting a desired value and a second correction term that is calculated based on a difference between the controlled variable and the desired value. The first correction term can be calculated based on the controlled variable with no influence of the desired value. Thus, a sudden change does not occur in the feedback controlled variable even in a situation where the difference between the controlled variable and the desired value changes step-wise. Besides, the first correction term is a proportional term (51) and the second correction term is an integral term (55). The controlled variable is a rotational speed of the internal-combustion engine (NE) that is detected by a detector for detecting the engine rotational speed.

Abstract: A leakage detecting apparatus includes a re-circulating passage for re-circulating an exhaust gas from an exhaust system to an air intake system in the engine, a re-circulating valve disposed in the re-circulating passage to control a flow rate of the re-circulating exhaust gas, and an A/F ratio sensor for detecting an A/F ratio of the exhaust system. An electronic control unit detects an operation amount of the re-circulating valve and calculates correlation between the operation amount and output of the A/F ratio sensor to determine a leakage in the re-circulating passage. The correlation is obtained by an inner product calculation of a vector of deviations of a time-sequence vector of the operation amount relative to a moving average and a vector of deviations of a time-sequence vector of the output of the A/F ratio sensor relative to a moving average.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control system for an internal combustion engine for detecting a torque variation based on a rotational speed of the engine and suppress the torque variation. The system includes a detector for detecting a rotational speed of the engine, a memory for storing a variation pattern of the rotational speed of the engine when a torque of the internal combustion engine is excessive and a controller for calculating a variation component of the rotational speed based on the detected rotational speed, The controller calculates the correlation between the variation component and the variation pattern that is read out from the memory and then determines a torque variation state of the engine based on the correlation.

Abstract: A plant controller controls a plant modeled in a discrete-time system. The controller uses a frequency-shaping response-designating control algorithm having a filtering function to cause a difference between output of the plant and a target value to converge. Thus, the plant is robustly controlled without causing undesired frequency components. When the plant is an engine, the engine is modeled using a ignition timing corrective quantity as input and a rotational speed as output. The controller performs the frequency-shaping response-designating control algorithm to determine the ignition timing corrective quantity. The frequency-shaping response-designating control may be frequency-shaping sliding-mode control.