Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device may include: forming a stack comprising first material layers and second material layers that are alternately stacked; forming an opening in the stack; forming a first seed layer in the opening; forming a first buffer layer by surface-treating the first seed layer; and forming a blocking layer by oxidizing the first seed layer through the first buffer layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for communication using a fronthaul interface. According to the present invention, an operation method of an O-RU comprises the steps of: generating a plurality of first measurement results by performing measurement operations on a first measurement target in a single notification period according to a notification interval; generating a first measurement result list including the plurality of first measurement results; and transmitting, to an a message including the first measurement result list.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for communication using fronthaul interfaces. An operation method of a first communication node may include transmitting a section type 8 message #1 including numerology-related information #1; transmitting a section type 9 message #1 including channel information of each of one or more second communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #1 and the numerology related information #1, transmitting a section type 8 message #2 including numerology-related information #2 other than the numerology-related information #1; and transmitting a section type 9 message #2 including channel information of each of one or more third communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #2 and the numerology-related information #2.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for communication using fronthaul interfaces. An operation method of a first communication node includes transmitting a section type 8 message #1 including numerology-related information #1; transmitting a section type 9 message #1 including channel information of each of one or more second communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #1 and the numerology related information #1, transmitting a section type 8 message #2 including numerology-related information #2 other than the numerology-related information #1; and transmitting a section type 9 message #2 including channel information of each of one or more third communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #2 and the numerology-related information #2.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for communication using fronthaul interfaces. An operation method of a first communication node includes transmitting a section type 8 message #1 including numerology-related information #1; transmitting a section type 9 message #1 including channel information of each of one or more second communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #1 and the numerology related information #1, transmitting a section type 8 message #2 including numerology-related information #2 other than the numerology-related information #1; and transmitting a section type 9 message #2 including channel information of each of one or more third communication nodes indicated by the section type 8 message #2 and the numerology-related information #2.

Abstract: Provided is a data transmission method using physical network coding in a relay station. The method may include an operation of receiving a first signal and a second signal from first and the second nodes, respectively, an operation of generating a third signal to which a physical network coding is applied based on the first signal and the second signal, an operation of forming a beam which maximizes a lower effective power between effective power of the first channel between the relay station and the first node and effective power of the second channel between the relay station and the second node, and an operation of transmitting the third signal to the first node and the second node based on the beam.

Abstract: Provided is a data transmission method using physical network coding in a relay station. The method may include an operation of receiving a first signal and a second signal from first and the second nodes, respectively, an operation of generating a third signal to which a physical network coding is applied based on the first signal and the second signal, an operation of forming a beam which maximizes a lower effective power between effective power of the first channel between the relay station and the first node and effective power of the second channel between the relay station and the second node, and an operation of transmitting the third signal to the first node and the second node based on the beam.

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilized to automatically test a computer is provided. By using the data storage medium for testing in which video data and audio data for testing are stored in different positions, output video data and output audio data are produced by applying the video and audio data for testing to a video board and an audio board, respectively, and determining whether the video and audio data for testing and the output video and audio data are the same, thereby testing automatically whether the video board and the audio board are functioning normally.

Abstract: A method of testing a computer system includes the steps of partitioning a physically formatted hard disk to define a whole region of the hard disk as a first partition region and a part of the first partition region as a second partition region, setting the second partition region as a boot driver, installing a test program file in the second partition region to form an original hard disk, testing the computer system using the test program file in the second partition region, erasing the second partition region overlapped with part of the first partition region, and setting the first partition region as a boot driver region. To substantially test the computer system, the program files which are installed on the first and second partition regions of the original hard disk are duplicated on other hard disks with a disk duplicating apparatus. The hard disks thus duplicated are established in computer systems, respectively.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for displaying video data for testing a video board of a computer capable of enhancing the test reliability performs the test through an algorithm by normalizing forms of patterns displayed on a screen to test the video board. A resolution of the screen to be displayed thereon is firstly decided, and a screen mode suitable to the screen resolution is set. The total number of dots in horizontal and vertical directions with regard to colors to be displayed on the screen is calculated by using the total number of horizontal and vertical dots according to the decided screen resolution. After that, one color among the various colors is displayed in the horizontal direction and several colors are displayed in turn on the screen, the colors being equally divided by a predetermined number in the vertical direction according to a predetermined order.

Abstract: A bootable CD-ROM disk manufacturing system includes a data source for providing data files to be recorded in a CD-ROM disk; a floppy disk for providing an operating system for a booting process and programs to be executed with booting process; a computer for producing one master file by arranging the data files, the operating system and the programs to be executed with booting process; a master hard disk for storing the master file; and a CD-ROM disk recorder for recording the master file in the CD-ROM disk under control of the computer.

Abstract: Hard disk duplicating method is disclosed in which information are selectively duplicated from a source hard disk to a destination hard disk. The source hard disk is divided into at least two partitions and information are discontinuously stored in the partitions. The method comprises the step of selectively duplicating the data stored in the partitions to the destination hard disk on the basis of the starting and ending positions, even though the information is discontinuously stored on the source hard disk.

Abstract: A method for partitioning a magnetic hard disk is disclosed which comprises obtaining an ending position of the file allocation table area by using information stored in the boot sector of the hard disk, detecting contents of the file allocation table (FAT) to obtain a starting position of areas, where data is not stored, of the data storage area, and setting the starting position as a starting position of a second of the at least two partition blocks. With the disk partitioning method, the second partition block is overlapped with a part of a first of the at least two partition blocks. Even though program files including a testing program of the computer system are erased from the second partition block (i.e., overlapped region), the computer system can recognize the whole area of the hard disk as an available limit storage region.

Abstract: A method of booting a computer system with identifying the type of a CD-ROM disk drive of the computer system, the method comprising the steps of: producing an ATAPI IDENTIFY DRIVE command and outputting the ATAPI IDENTIFY DRIVE command to an IDE controller; reading information memorized in a memory of the CD-ROM disk drive in response to the ATAPI IDENTIFY DRIVE command; comparing the information with a predetermined set of internal CD-ROM disk drive information, and determining the type of the CD-ROM disk drive; and selecting a device driver according to the type of the CD-ROM disk drive, and loading the device driver on a memory.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner erroneous closing apparatus is provided to prevent a dust cover from being closed when a dust collector is not mounted, thereby refraining a motor from being damaged by the dust collected when a vacuum cleaner is operated without the dust collector, the apparatus comprising an erroneous closing prevention unit hinged at a designated position at the low main body for enabling the dust cover to be closed when the dust collector board is inserted onto dust collector fitting part of the low main body and for stopping the closure of the dust cover when the dust collector is not mounted, and a compression spring fixed at designated positions of the low main body and of the erroneous closing prevention unit to apply turning effect toward a direction which prohibits the dust cover from being closed.