Abstract: A current command module is configured to, based on a motor torque request for an electric motor of the vehicle, generate a d-axis current command for the electric motor and a q-axis current command for the electric motor. A voltage command module is configured to generate voltage commands based on the d-axis current command and the q-axis current command. A switching control module is configured to: based on the d-axis current command and the q-axis current command, determine a first duty cycle command for a phase of the electric motor; generate a second duty cycle command based on the first duty cycle command, a predetermined minimum period to transition switches of an inverter module from OFF to ON, a predetermined switching period, a predetermined deadtime period when both of the switches are OFF before one of the switches is turned ON, and whether a current of the phase is positive.

Abstract: Provided is a method for isolating and proliferating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and more particularly, a method for selecting an epitope recognized by CD8+ T cells from autologous cancer antigens present in blood of individual cancer patients; and isolating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using a peptide of the selected epitope, and a method of massively proliferating CD8+ T cells by using the method. According to the present invention, it is possible to isolate autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using the peptide of the CD8 T cell epitope of the autologous cancer antigen present in blood of individual cancer patients instead of a heterologous antigen. Therefore, by using T cells recognizing the autologous cancer antigen, it is possible to effectively select and eliminate cancer cells derived from the cancer patient's own cells. Thus, T cells can be applied to treatment and alleviation of cancer diseases without side effects.

Abstract: A touch panel and a touch sensing system including the touch panel are disclosed. The touch panel includes a substrate and a plurality of electrodes arranged on the substrate and interdigitated with each other. Each of the electrodes may include a body portion and a plurality of protruding portions extending away from the body portion, where the electrodes are interdigitated with each other via the protruding portions.

Abstract: A method for reducing code execution time in motor controllers includes receiving a feedback signal from a motor component and transmitting a motor control signal to control the motor component based on first and second attributes of the motor component by iteratively alternating between two modes. In the first mode a first code execution segment is performed utilizing the feedback signal to determine a current value of a first attribute of the motor component, and a current value of a second attribute of the motor component is determined using a past value of the second attribute. In the second mode a second code execution segment is performed utilizing the feedback signal to determine a current value of the second attribute of the motor component, and a current value of the first attribute of the motor component is determined using a past value of the first attribute.

Abstract: A powertrain system including an electric machine rotatably coupled to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine via a belt is described, wherein the electric machine is disposed to generate torque. A method for controlling the electric machine includes monitoring rotational position of the electric machine, and periodically executing a speed observer to determine a rotational speed of the electric machine based upon the monitored rotational position of the electric machine. An acceleration observer is periodically executed to determine an acceleration rate, wherein the acceleration rate is determined based upon a time-based change in the rotational speed of the electric machine. A virtual inertia term is determined based upon the acceleration rate, and a torque compensation term is determined based upon the virtual inertia term and the acceleration rate. The electric machine is controlled to generate torque based upon the torque compensation term.

Abstract: A touch sensing apparatus includes a plurality of touch sensors provided in a touch panel and a switching unit for transmitting sensing signals per column or row of the touch sensors through a single line to a touch controller.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power supply device for a protective relay. The power supply device comprises a power circuit for supplying a power to the control circuit, wherein the power circuit includes: a semiconductor switch element having an input terminal connected to a first node for receiving a direct current, and an output terminal connected to a reference node, wherein the reference node has a voltage lower than a voltage of the first node; and a first voltage drop element disposed between the first node and a second node, wherein the second node is connected to a switching terminal of the semiconductor switch element.

Abstract: A near field communication (NFC) device includes a communications module and a controller. The communications module includes a receiver to receive a wireless signal, a transmitter to transmit data by superimposing the data on the wireless signal, and a signal detector to compare the wireless signal with a predetermined reference signal. The communications module operates in at least one of a wakeup mode and a sleep mode, the receiver and transmitter are activated to operate in wakeup mode, and the receiver and transmitter are deactivated in sleep mode. The controller adjusts the sensitivity of the signal detector based on a magnitude of the wireless signal and an operating condition of the communications module when the communications module enters the wakeup mode from the sleep mode.

Abstract: A peptide-polymer conjugate prepared by a method for preparing a peptide-polymer conjugate according to the present disclosure stably maintains the two-dimensional structure of multiple ?-helix ligands so that its biological interaction is improved while maintaining the specific structure of the peptide ligands.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a transition between over-modulation and six-step pulse width modulation (PWM) modes in an electrical system having a polyphase electric machine driven by a polyphase output voltage of a power inverter. The method includes receiving input values via a PWM controller, including a holding angle, rotational speed of the electric machine, and present voltage angle of the power inverter. The method includes calculating a future voltage angle of the inverter using the input values and adjusting pulse widths of a baseline PWM pulse train based on a duty cycle of the power inverter. The power inverter output voltage is controlled during the transition using the adjusted baseline PWM pulse train, such that the transition is continuous. An electrical system includes the power supply, power inverter, electric machine, and the PWM controller, the latter of which is configured to execute the method.

Abstract: A method of exchanging data in a real-time operating system, between a primary core and a secondary core in a multi-core processor, includes executing a primary path via the primary core and executing a secondary path via the secondary core. The primary path is configured to be a relatively faster processing task and the secondary path is configured to be a relatively slower processing task. The method includes devising a freeze in process flag to have a respective flag status set and cleared by the primary path. The method includes devising a data frozen flag to have a respective flag status set and cleared by both the primary and the secondary paths. A component that is operatively connected to the multi-core processor may be controlled based at least partially on a difference between primary and secondary sets of calculations executed by the primary and secondary cores, respectively.

Abstract: A panel bottom sheet and a display device including the same are provided. The panel bottom sheet includes a first base, a first light-absorbing layer disposed on a top surface or a bottom surface of the first base, a top bonding layer disposed above the first base and the first light-absorbing layer, an interlayer bonding layer disposed below the first base and the first light-absorbing layer, and a wiring pattern portion disposed below the interlayer bonding layer and including a plurality of wiring patterns.

Abstract: Provided is a method for isolating and proliferating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and more particularly, a method for selecting an epitope recognized by CD8+ T cells from autologous cancer antigens present in blood of individual cancer patients; and isolating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using a peptide of the selected epitope, and a method of massively proliferating CD8+ T cells by using the method. According to the present invention, it is possible to isolate autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using the peptide of the CD8 T cell epitope of the autologous cancer antigen present in blood of individual cancer patients instead of a heterologous antigen. Therefore, by using T cells recognizing the autologous cancer antigen, it is possible to effectively select and eliminate cancer cells derived from the cancer patient's own cells. Thus, T cells can be applied to treatment and alleviation of cancer diseases without side effects.

Abstract: A near field communication (NFC) antenna includes a first antenna electrode and a second antenna electrode, and a loop coil. The first and second antenna electrodes are formed on a first surface of a substrate. The loop coil is formed on the first surface of the substrate, is directly coupled between the first antenna electrode and the second antenna electrode, and includes a first plurality of turns. The first antenna electrode is located inside each of the plurality of turns of the loop coil, and the second antenna electrode is located outside each of the plurality of turns of the loop coil. An imaginary line passing through the first antenna electrode and the second antenna electrode is parallel to one of edges of the substrate. Each of the first plurality of turns of the loop coil does not overlap each other.

Abstract: A method of exchanging data in a real-time operating system, between a primary core and a secondary core in a multi-core processor, includes executing a primary path via the primary core and executing a secondary path via the secondary core. The primary path is configured to be a relatively faster processing task and the secondary path is configured to be a relatively slower processing task. The method includes devising a freeze in process flag to have a respective flag status set and cleared by the primary path. The method includes devising a data frozen flag to have a respective flag status set and cleared by both the primary and the secondary paths. A component that is operatively connected to the multi-core processor may be controlled based at least partially on a difference between primary and secondary sets of calculations executed by the primary and secondary cores, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization and a process for manufacture of a propylene polymer or copolymer using the solid catalyst, and provides a solid catalyst including carriers produced via a reaction between dialkoxy magnesium and metal halide, titanium halide, an organic electron donor, etc. and a process of manufacture of a propylene-based block copolymer via copolymerization of propylene-?-olefin using the solid catalyst. Particularly, internal electron donors including an ester group and an alkoxy group are used as two kinds of organic electron donors used in the present disclosure, and, thus, a block copolymer having high activity and excellent stereoregularity and a high rubber content via copolymerization with ?-olefin can be produced using a solid catalyst system suggested in the present disclosure.

Abstract: In an apparatus for automatically filling a pipette according to the present invention, only a predetermined air is supplied to a pipette assembly to which a substance is discharged, even if an excessive operation force is applied by a user, so it is possible to prevent a waste of the substance being unnecessarily discharged.

Abstract: Provided is a method for isolating and proliferating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+T cells, and more particularly, a method for selecting an epitope recognized by CD8+ T cells from autologous cancer antigens present in blood of individual cancer patients; and isolating autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using a peptide of the selected epitope, and a method of massively proliferating CD8+ T cells by using the method. According to the present invention, it is possible to isolate autologous cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by using the peptide of the CD8 T cell epitope of the autologous cancer antigen present in blood of individual cancer patients instead of a heterologous antigen. Therefore, by using T cells recognizing the autologous cancer antigen, it is possible to effectively select and eliminate cancer cells derived from the cancer patient's own cells. Thus, T cells can be applied to treatment and alleviation of cancer diseases without side effects.

Abstract: A peptide-polymer conjugate prepared by a method for preparing a peptide-polymer conjugate according to the present disclosure stably maintains the two-dimensional structure of multiple ?-helix ligands so that its biological interaction is improved while maintaining the specific structure of the peptide ligands.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a measuring apparatus includes determining apparatus parameters that have an influence on a measurement spectrum generated by the measuring apparatus, generating the measurement spectrum by exposing a measurement target on a sample to light generated by the measuring apparatus, calculating an error of the apparatus parameters by comparing the measurement spectrum to an ideal spectrum corresponding to the apparatus parameters, and calibrating the measuring apparatus based on the calculated error of the apparatus parameters.