Abstract: An example image forming apparatus includes a fan, a fan driver to drive the fan, a switching controller, and a processor to output a pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal to control the fan driver. The switching controller may include a smoothing circuit to receive the PWM control signal output from the processor and convert the PWM control signal to a direct current signal, a comparator to compare a value of the direct current signal with a reference value and output a switch control signal, and a switch to provide power to the fan driver based on the switch control signal output from the comparator.

Abstract: A camera module test apparatus having improved performance include a coefficient data extractor that accommodates a camera module; and a test apparatus that accommodates the camera module and tests the camera module. The coefficient data extractor includes a coefficient generator that receives an image signal output from the camera module, and generates coefficient data of a ratio of a first color image signal and a second color image signal included in the image signal; and a memory device that stores the generated coefficient data. The test apparatus includes an image generator that receives an image signal from the camera module and coefficient data from the memory device, and generates a converted pattern image signal based on the image signal and the coefficient data; and a calibration data generator that generates calibration data of the converted pattern image signal.

Abstract: Described herein are novel rapid and reliable methods of detection of extracellular vesicles and quantifying extracellular vesicle concentrations and absolute number from various sources, including raw cell harvest. The methods described herein comprise detection of intrinsic fluorescence of extracellular vesicles in biological samples. Extracellular vesicles analyzed by the methods of this application have a stereotypical elution profile distinct from known contaminants. The methods described herein are a significant improvement over the state of the art and fulfills an unmet need in the field of extracellular vesicle manufacturing and quality control.

Abstract: A camera module test apparatus having improved performance include a coefficient data extractor that accommodates a camera module; and a test apparatus that accommodates the camera module and tests the camera module. The coefficient data extractor includes a coefficient generator that receives an image signal output from the camera module, and generates coefficient data of a ratio of a first color image signal and a second color image signal included in the image signal; and a memory device that stores the generated coefficient data. The test apparatus includes an image generator that receives an image signal from the camera module and coefficient data from the memory device, and generates a converted pattern image signal based on the image signal and the coefficient data; and a calibration data generator that generates calibration data of the converted pattern image signal.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a substrate processing method. The substrate processing method, which performs a liquid processing process by injecting a processing liquid on a substrate on a spin chuck disposed inside a plurality of recovery cups that are disposed in multiple layers, includes: in a transitional period of time in which height change of any one of the recovery cups occurs, adjusting rotational speed of the spin chuck, which is configured to support the substrate, in conjunction with the height change of the recovery cup.

Abstract: A camera module test apparatus having improved performance include a coefficient data extractor that accommodates a camera module; and a test apparatus that accommodates the camera module and tests the camera module. The coefficient data extractor includes a coefficient generator that receives an image signal output from the camera module, and generates coefficient data of a ratio of a first color image signal and a second color image signal included in the image signal; and a memory device that stores the generated coefficient data. The test apparatus includes an image generator that receives an image signal from the camera module and coefficient data from the memory device, and generates a converted pattern image signal based on the image signal and the coefficient data; and a calibration data generator that generates calibration data of the converted pattern image signal.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a monocrystalline substrate, the method including: a process of forming a seed layer on a base charged into a monocrystalline growth apparatus; a process of taking the base, on which the seed layer is formed, out of the monocrystalline growth apparatus and irradiating laser onto the seed layer from a lower side of the base to form a separation layer having a plurality of voids; a process of charging the base, on which the separation layer is formed, into the monocrystalline growth apparatus to form a monocrystalline layer on the separation layer; and a separation process of taking the base, on which the separation layer and the monocrystalline layer are formed, out of the monocrystalline growth apparatus to separate the monocrystalline layer from the base.

Abstract: Described herein are novel rapid and reliable methods of detection of extracellular vesicles and quantifying extracellular vesicle concentrations and absolute number from various sources, including raw cell harvest. The methods described herein comprise detection of light scattering of extracellular vesicles in biological samples. Extracellular vesicles analyzed by the methods of this application have a stereotypical elution profile distinct from known contaminants. The methods described herein are a significant improvement over the state of the art and fulfills an unmet need in the field of extracellular vesicle manufacturing and quality control.

Abstract: A method for forming a coating layer on a metal base material for a semiconductor reactor according to an aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of: immersing a metal base material for a semiconductor reactor in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte solution containing NaOH and NaAlO2; and connecting an electrode to the metal base material and supplying power to the electrode to form a coating layer on the metal base material through a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a substrate processing method. The substrate processing method, which performs a liquid processing process by injecting a processing liquid on a substrate on a spin chuck disposed inside a plurality of recovery cups that are disposed in multiple layers, includes: in a transitional period of time in which height change of any one of the recovery cups occurs, adjusting rotational speed of the spin chuck, which is configured to support the substrate, in conjunction with the height change of the recovery cup.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes forming a high surface tension liquid film by supplying high surface tension liquid on a substrate surface, replacing the high surface tension liquid film with low surface tension liquid by supplying the low surface tension liquid to a center area of a substrate so that the low surface tension liquid impinges on the high surface tension liquid film formed on the center area of the substrate, and supplying high surface tension liquid for a predetermined period of time during the supplying the low surface tension liquid.

Abstract: A deaerator includes a tank, a spray unit, a steam supply unit, a bleed unit and a discharge pipe. The spray unit is disposed at an upper portion of the tank and configured to supply water to the tank. The steam supply unit is disposed inside the tank to supply steam to the tank. The bleed unit is disposed at the upper portion of the tank and adjacent to the spray unit. The bleed unit is configured to bleed air from an inside of the tank. The discharge pipe is configured to discharge water without air to an outside of the tank.

Abstract: Described herein are novel rapid and reliable methods of detection of extracellular vesicles and quantifying extracellular vesicle concentrations and absolute number from various sources, including raw cell harvest. The methods described herein comprise detection of intrinsic fluorescence of extracellular vesicles in biological samples. Extracellular vesicles analyzed by the methods of this application have a stereotypical elution profile distinct from known contaminants. The methods described herein are a significant improvement over the state of the art and fulfills an unmet need in the field of extracellular vesicle manufacturing and quality control.

Abstract: An ice maker and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The refrigerator includes a main body having a storage room therein; a door on the main body, configured to open and close the storage room; an ice maker in the storage room; and a controller, wherein the ice maker includes: an ice tray configured to contain water; a guide unit under the ice tray, forming a path for flowing cold air; an ice bucket under the guide unit and comprising a container having a concave center portion; and a rotation unit configured to move the ice in the ice tray to the ice bucket, wherein the controller drives the rotation unit at least to prevent super-cooling before the water in the ice tray freezes.

Abstract: An ice maker and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. A refrigerator may include a main body having a storage room therein; a compressor at one side of the main body, configured to compress refrigerant; a door on the main body, configured to open and close the storage room; and an ice maker in the storage room, wherein the ice maker may include a case having an external shape; an ice tray configured to contain water; a guide unit under the ice tray, forming a path for flowing cold air; an ice bucket under the guide unit and comprising a container having a concave center portion; an ice making fan inside the case configured to generate or facilitate a flow of air; and a rotation unit configured to move the ice in the ice tray to the ice bucket.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ice maker and a refrigerator having the same. A refrigerator may include a main body having a storage room therein; a compressor at one side of the main body, configured to compress refrigerant; a door on the main body, configured to open and close the storage room; an ice maker in the storage room; and a controller. The ice maker includes an ice tray configured to contain water; a guide unit under the ice tray forming a path for flowing cold air; an ice bucket under the guide unit, including a container having a concave center portion; and a rotation unit configured to move the ice in the ice tray to the ice bucket. The controller drives the rotation unit after the compressor has been operated for a preset time.

Abstract: An ice maker and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The refrigerator includes a main body having a storage room therein; a door on the main body, configured to open and close the storage room; and an ice maker in the storage room, wherein the ice maker includes an ice tray having an accommodation unit configured to contain water and a heat transfer unit on or coupled to a bottom or lowermost surface of the accommodation unit; a guide unit under the ice tray, forming a path for flowing cold air; an ice bucket under the guide unit and comprising a container having a concave center portion; and a rotation unit configured to move the ice in the ice tray to the ice bucket.

Abstract: An ice maker and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The refrigerator may include a main body having a storage room therein; a door on the main body, configured to open and close the storage room; and an ice maker in the storage room, wherein the ice maker includes: an ice tray configured to contain water; a guide unit under the ice tray, forming a path for flowing cold air; an ice bucket under the guide unit and comprising a container having a concave center portion; and a rotation unit configured to move the ice in the ice tray to the ice bucket, wherein the guide unit has a front end in front of the ice tray, and is configured to flow the cold air from a top the guide unit into a space above the ice tray.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a light source portion including a plurality of light sources. The light sources are configured to emit light. A wavelength conversion member is disposed on the light source portion. The wavelength conversion member is configured to convert a wavelength of light emitted from the light source portion. The wavelength conversion member includes a first substrate disposed on the light source portion, a second substrate disposed on the first substrate, and a plurality of wavelength conversion layers interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each of the plurality of wavelength conversion layers correspond to a light source of the plurality of light sources.

Abstract: A lock arm (12) of a first connector (10) includes a locking part including a locking piece (154) that directly engages with a locking projection (22) of a second connector (20), and an operating part (14) including an operating knob (144) to be pressed. The locking part (15) includes locking part coupling arms (153a and 153b), locking part supporting arms (151a and 151b), and locking part legs (152a and 152b) connecting the arms to an upper surface (11a) of a first housing 11. The operating part (14) includes an operating part supporting arm (141), operating part coupling arms (143a and 143b), and an operating part leg (142) connecting the arms to the upper surface (11a). The locking part coupling arms (153aand 153b) and the operating part coupling arms (143a and 143b) are respectively connected via coupling parts (16a and 16b). The operating part leg (142) is disposed between the locking part leg (152a and 152b).