Abstract: A launch pad system includes a fuel vent port provided in a launch vehicle, a launch pad fuel tank provided outside the launch vehicle to store fuel, a fuel recovery line connecting the fuel vent port and the launch pad fuel tank such that the fuel is transferred therethrough, and a fuel transfer unit provided on the fuel recovery line to transfer the fuel, wherein the fuel may be recovered from the launch vehicle to the launch pad fuel tank.

Abstract: An ion filter for circulating coolant in a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell vehicle includes a housing including an inlet configured so that a fluid is introduced and an outlet configured so that the fluid is discharged, a filter element accommodated in the housing to filter the fluid, a valve assembly provided on the inlet and configured to operate the flow of the fluid introduced into the housing through the inlet to be allowed or blocked, and a gate member provided in the housing and configured to adjust an operation of the valve assembly.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for driving the same are disclosed. The device includes a gamma voltage generation circuit for generating first to ith positive gamma reference voltages having different levels, and first to ith negative gamma reference voltages having different levels, and a plurality of data drive chips, each of the data drive chips converting digital data input thereto into a positive data voltage and a negative data voltage and supplying the positive data voltage and negative data voltage to a liquid crystal display panel, and adjusting a level of the positive data voltage based on a positive gamma reference voltage supplied thereto, among the first to ith positive gamma reference voltages, and adjusting a level of the negative data voltage based on a negative gamma reference voltage supplied thereto, among the first to ith negative gamma reference voltages.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for driving the same are disclosed. The device includes a gamma voltage generation circuit for generating first to ith positive gamma reference voltages having different levels, and first to ith negative gamma reference voltages having different levels, and a plurality of data drive chips, each of the data drive chips converting digital data input thereto into a positive data voltage and a negative data voltage and supplying the positive data voltage and negative data voltage to a liquid crystal display panel, and adjusting a level of the positive data voltage based on a positive gamma reference voltage supplied thereto, among the first to ith positive gamma reference voltages, and adjusting a level of the negative data voltage based on a negative gamma reference voltage supplied thereto, among the first to ith negative gamma reference voltages.

Abstract: A display apparatus that has a light and thin panel module to be capable of preventing noise. In the display apparatus, the row and source drivers for driving the display panel is controlled by the timing control board which is positioned on main printed circuit board of the notebook computer body. The timing control board is connected with the row and source drivers by the flexible printed circuit film.

Abstract: A bump electrode is provided for connecting a substrate to an external terminal using an adhesive material including a plurality of conductive elements. The bump electrode includes a pad over the substrate, an electrically conductive bump over the pad for contacting the external terminal through the plurality of conductive elements in the adhesive material, and an insulating layer on a side surface of the electrically conductive bump, the insulating layer substantially covering an entire side surface of the electrically conductive bump to prevent an electrical short through the side surface.

Abstract: A connecting device, and corresponding method, for connecting a semiconductor chip/chip and a conductor, the connecting device including: a pad formed on the chip; a passivation layer formed around the pad thereby defining an aperture in the passivation layer; a pad-to-bump connecting layer at least in the aperture; and a bump, formed on the pad-to-bump connecting layer, not extending laterally outside of the aperture. The passivation layer is also formed on an edge area of the pad so as to define shoulder portions between which the aperture is located. The pad-to-bump connecting layer includes: a first base layer formed in the aperture and also on the shoulder portions of the passivation layer so that the first base layer extends laterally outside the aperture; and a second base layer formed at least in the aperture. The cross-sectional area of the bump is less than the cross-sectional area of the aperture.