Abstract: A high-voltage generation circuit used for a non-volatile memory device reduces the overshoot of a high voltage by controlling a current for sensing the high voltage based on the level of the high voltage or by delaying the operation of an oscillator, which generates a clock signal for generating the high voltage, for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A method for performing cell selection in a mobile communication system and a system therefor. Upon receiving a Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) service or a unicast service, a User Equipment (UE) performs cell search separately for each frequency band in an overlapping region between an MBMS-dedicated frequency band and a unicast service-available frequency band. In a first example, the UE allocates different cell identification codes for each cell according to types of the corresponding frequency bands to perform cell search. In a second example, the UE uses the system information broadcasted from the network over P-BCH to indicate whether each cell belongs to the MBMS-dedicated frequency band.

Abstract: An integrated cap assembly of a secondary battery. A cap lamination forms a top portion of the secondary battery and serves as a connection terminal while the secondary battery is charged or discharged. A gasket is molded integrally with the cap lamination in such a manner that a peripheral portion of the cap lamination is inserted in the gasket, the gasket insulating the cap lamination from a can of the secondary battery and sealing a gap between the cap lamination and the can.

Abstract: A refrigeration system of air conditioning apparatuses with a bypass line between the inlet and outlet of a compressor. The refrigeration system (1) has an expansion unit (10) to execute adiabatic expansion of refrigerant, an indoor unit (20) with a heat exchanger, a compressor (30) to execute adiabatic compression of the refrigerant, and an outdoor unit (40) with a heat exchanger, and is operated to cool or heat air within a space to a desired level by using the phase change of the refrigerant. The refrigeration system also has a bypass line (99) between the inlet and outlet of the compressor (30) to bypass at least a part of the output refrigerant from the outlet to the inlet of the compressor when the pressure of the output refrigerant is lower than a reference level or the temperature of the air outside the compressor is lower than a reference level.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials and methods for making proton conductive polymer, polymer membranes comprising the proton conductive polymer, membrane-electrode assemblies comprising the polymer membrane, and fuel cells comprising the membrane-electrode assemblies. The proton conductive polymer can be formed in the following manner: a) silicon inorganic polymers and silane compounds having amino groups are dissolved in a solvent to form a precursor; b) said precursor undergoes condensation polymerization to form a network of inorganic polymers; and c) the network and a reactant are contacted with one another to form the proton conductive polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high temperature proton-conducting polymer membrane, a preparation method thereof, a membrane-electrode assembly using the same and a fuel cell containing the same. More particularly, it relates to a proton-conducting polymer membrane enabling fuel cell operation under high temperature and normal pressure condition, wherein sulfoalkyl or sulfoaryl groups are introduced between layers of metal phosphate and cation exchange groups are present in side chains, a preparation method thereof and a membrane-electrode assembly using the proton exchange membrane and a fuel cell containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ion-exchange membrane that can exhibit good conductivity at high temperatures, methods to produce the polymer membrane, membrane-electrode assemblies that comprise one or more of such polymers, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells that comprise one or more of such electrode assemblies.

Abstract: A refrigeration system of air conditioning apparatuses with a bypass line between the inlet and outlet of a compressor. The refrigeration system (1) has an expansion unit (10) to execute adiabatic expansion of refrigerant, an indoor unit (20) with a heat exchanger, a compressor (30) to execute adiabatic compression of the refrigerant, and an outdoor unit (40) with a heat exchanger, and is operated to cool or heat air within a space to a desired level by using the phase change of the refrigerant. The refrigeration system also has a bypass line (99) between the inlet and outlet of the compressor (30) to bypass at least a part of the output refrigerant from the outlet to the inlet of the compressor when the pressure of the output refrigerant is lower than a reference level or the temperature of the air outside the compressor is lower than a reference level.

Abstract: A clamp device for an optical disc is disclosed. The clamp device includes a cover frame having a receiving space and an opening at its bottom surface; a holder chuck which is received at its upper part in the receiving space of the cover frame and rotatably and movably supported thereby, the holder chuck being provided at its lower surface a downward projection and provided at its lower surface with a center ring seating recess tapered upward, the center ring seating recess being centrally provided with a center post; a spring disposed between the cover frame and the holder chuck to bias the holder chuck downward; and a plate chuck coupled to a lower surface of the holder chuck, which is centrally formed with a through hole, through which the projection of the holder chuck passes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ion-exchange membrane that can exhibit good conductivity at high temperatures, methods to produce the polymer membrane, membrane-electrode assemblies that comprise one or more of such polymers, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells that comprise one or more of such electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, comprising, based on weight of the membrane, a matrix blend resin that consists of 10-70 wt % of an ion exchange resin having a cation exchanging group on the side chain thereof, 10-70% wt of a non-conductive polymer and 10-70 wt % of a thermo-curable oligomer, and 10-60 wt % of a proton conductive material. In the matrix blend resin, the thermo-curable oligomer is cross-linked with chains of the non-conductive polymer and the ion exchange resin by heat, thus forming network structure, in which the proton conductive material of fine powder forms is uniformly dispersed. The above membrane is excellent in proton conductivity, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and separability between gaseous or liquid fuel and gaseous oxidant. In particular, the membrance has excellent ion conductivity at high temperatures of 100° C. or more because of a moisturizing function of the proton conductive material.

Abstract: An optical writing and reading apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus has a deck base having an opening at its center, on which an optical pickup including an object-glass is mounted to be moved along both sides of the opening, and which is formed adjacent to the opening with a center hole elongated in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the optical pickup, and is formed around the center hole with a plurality of fastening holes into which screws are screwed, and a spindle motor having a turntable at its shaft and having an integral bracket at its bottom surface, the bracket being formed at its center with a center reference hole and formed around the center reference hole with assembling holes elongated in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the optical pickup, the assembling holes being arranged at positions corresponding to the fastening holes of the deck base.

Abstract: An optical writing and reading apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus has a deck base having an opening at its center, on which an optical pickup including an object-glass is mounted to be moved along both sides of the opening, and which is formed adjacent to the opening with a center hole elongated in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the optical pickup, and is formed around the center hole with a plurality of fastening holes into which screws are screwed, and a spindle motor having a turntable at its shaft and having an integral bracket at its bottom surface, the bracket being formed at its center with a center reference hole and formed around the center reference hole with assembling holes elongated in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the optical pickup, the assembling holes being arranged at positions corresponding to the fastening holes of the deck base.

Abstract: A clamp device for an optical disc is disclosed. The clamp device includes a cover frame having a receiving space and an opening at its bottom surface; a holder chuck which is received at its upper part in the receiving space of the cover frame and rotatably and movably supported thereby, the holder chuck being provided at its lower surface a downward projection and provided at its lower surface with a center ring seating recess tapered upward, the center ring seating recess being centrally provided with a center post; a spring disposed between the cover frame and the holder chuck to bias the holder chuck downward; and a plate chuck coupled to a lower surface of the holder chuck, which is centrally formed with a through hole, through which the projection of the holder chuck passes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for liquid cultivating Schizophyllum commune Fr. for isolation of &bgr;-1,6-branched-&bgr;-1,3-glucan and a composition for external application containing &bgr;-1,6-branched-&bgr;-1,3-glucan as an active ingredient, which can defer skin aging, impart skin whitening effect and cure skin damage effectively.