Abstract: The present invention provides a battery monitoring method, which is performed by a battery monitoring device, including: measuring a first voltage drop across both ends of a first shunt resistor of a bus bar electrically connected to a battery and a second voltage drop across both ends of a second shunt resistor, which is in parallel or serial connection with the first shunt resistor; calculating a first current and a second current flowing, respectively, through the first shunt resistor and the second shunt resistor using a first voltage drop value and a second voltage drop value; and determining a state of the battery using a difference between a first current value and a second current value. According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the reliability of monitoring information related to the battery's state by utilizing current values that have undergone linearity compensation and temperature compensation.

Abstract: This application relates to a noise signal generating apparatus. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a bandwidth expansion unit configured to generate a noise signal having a second bandwidth by expanding a noise source signal having a first bandwidth to the second bandwidth that is greater than the first bandwidth. The apparatus may also include a randomization unit configured to perform randomization and output the generated noise signal having the second bandwidth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for synchronizing a block in a blockchain network. The apparatus synchronizes node information of existing participating nodes connected to a blockchain network by joining the blockchain network, determines synchronization target blocks by calculating the current section of a blockchain using an agreed-upon block received from the existing participating nodes, receives a block header of each section and the segment hash table of a snapshot that are verification data for verifying synchronization target data for the synchronization target blocks from participating nodes that are not connected as peers, among the existing participating nodes, generates a snapshot by receiving snapshot segments and the blocks of the current section, which are the synchronization target data, from participating nodes connected as peers, among the existing participating nodes, verifies the snapshot generated from the snapshot segments, and synchronizes the verified snapshot.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for electing a committee node in a blockchain. The apparatus for electing a committee node in a blockchain is configured to transmit a staking transaction including validator information to a blockchain system to register a validator node, generate a draw pool for electing a committee node based on the validator information, change entries of the draw pool using a predefined shuffling algorithm, select a preset number of top entries as votes of a committee member from among the entries of the shuffled draw pool, and elect, as the committee node, the validator node that has acquired votes of a committee.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for adding an additional chain to a blockchain. The method includes depositing, by a node of the blockchain, an asset corresponding to the additional chain; selecting the node as one of consensus nodes for connecting an additional block to the additional chain based on a share value corresponding to the asset; and performing, by the node, distributed consensus for connecting the additional block. Here, nodes constituting the blockchain include major shareholder nodes for processing transactions.

Abstract: A lighting device disclosed in an embodiment of the invention includes a substrate; light sources disposed on the substrate; and a resin layer disposed on the substrate and the light sources. a first reflective layer disposed on the resin layer, wherein the resin layer includes an exit surface facing the light sources, and the exit surface of the resin layer includes convex portions facing each of the light sources and recess portions respectively disposed between the plurality of convex portions, concave surfaces disposed in each of the plurality of recess portions may have a curvature, and a radius of curvature of the concave surfaces may increase in one direction.

Abstract: A method may comprise: generating first and second FA sequences corresponding to first and second FAs, respectively, based on a first sequence; mapping elements of first and second FA signals, which are respectively generated by modulating the first and second FA sequences, to first and second subcarrier groups corresponding to the first and second FAs, first base station, and first symbol; generating third and fourth FA sequences corresponding to the first and second FAs, respectively, based on a second sequence; mapping elements of third and fourth FA signals, which are respectively generated by modulating the first and second FA sequences, to third and fourth subcarrier groups corresponding to the first and second FAs, second base station, and second symbol; and transmitting a first transmission signal including the first and second FA signals, and a second transmission signal including the third and fourth FA signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to providing navigation guidance for mobile users, using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) for applications where the user position needs to be determined in real time while meeting the navigation requirements, especially integrity requirement, for the given application. The present invention assists in providing guidance with a high availability of integrity function by trading accuracy for integrity for two different types of navigation applications. A first type of application requires a capability of detecting an occurrence of multiple satellite signal faults; the first embodiment of the invention provides this capability with a high availability of integrity, using two or more independent GNSSs. A second type of application requires a capability of detecting an occurrence of a single satellite signal fault; the second embodiment of the invention provides this capability with a high availability of integrity, using any one or a combination of GNSSs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to providing navigation guidance for mobile users, using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) for applications where the user position needs to be determined in real time while meeting the navigation requirements, especially integrity requirement, for the given application. The present invention assists in providing guidance with a high availability of integrity function by trading accuracy for integrity for two different types of navigation applications. A first type of application requires a capability of detecting an occurrence of multiple satellite signal faults; the first embodiment of the invention provides this capability with a high availability of integrity, using two or more independent GNSSs. A second type of application requires a capability of detecting an occurrence of a single satellite signal fault; the second embodiment of the invention provides this capability with a high availability of integrity, using any one or a combination of GNSSs.