Abstract: Disclosed is a polarized light generating device based on an optical waveguide, which includes first to fourth input optical waveguides, respectively, for receiving input light from an outside, first to fifth optical splitters configured to receive at least one light and output the received at least one light as at least one light, and an optical converter configured to receive at least one light from the fifth optical splitter and convert the received light to generate polarized light. The polarized light generating device receives the input light through one of the first to fourth input optical waveguides, and generates a first polarized light, a second polarized light, a third polarized light, and a fourth polarized light. The first to fourth polarized lights belong to elements of two arbitrary two-dimensional mutually unbiased basis sets.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material comprising lithium iron phosphate particles, and the positive electrode has a loading amount of 450 mg/25 cm2 to 740 mg/25 cm2, and the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the organic solvent includes ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, and the dimethyl carbonate is included in 5 vol % to 75 vol % in the organic solvent, and the additive contains vinylene carbonate, and the weight ratio of the vinylene carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate is greater than 0 to 0.2 or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for carrying out dose delivery quality assurance for high-precision radiation treatment, in which parameters affecting a pass rate of dose delivery quality assurance can be derived through regression analysis, which is a known statistical analysis method, and a pass rate prediction model capable of predicting each parameter and the pass rate of dose delivery quality assurance can be derived, and accordingly, it can be predicted in advance whether dose delivery quality assurance will be passed according to the parameters through the above prediction model, without repeatedly carrying out dose delivery quality assurance according to a patient's treatment plan, and as a result, the efficiency of dose delivery quality assurance can be enhanced, and the time or capacity required for such quality assurance is reduced, such that radiation treatment for an actual patient can be quickly and precisely carried out.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display apparatus and a method of controlling the same. The display apparatus include an image receiver configured to receive an omnidirectional image; an image processor configured to perform an image process with regard to the received image; a display configured to display an image based on the image process; and a controller configured to control the image processor to perform a second image process for changing a characteristic of a certain area of the image and to perform a first image process for changing pixel density. Thus, there is provided a display apparatus and a method of controlling the same to perform an image processing to improve image quality without distortion or nonuniformity of an image.

Abstract: A content providing apparatus, system, and method for recommending content. The method includes: receiving user information from a display apparatus; determining whether a terminal apparatus of a user is registered, based on the received user information; when the terminal apparatus is determined to be registered, determining whether recommended content for the user exists, based on pattern information about content usage of the user and content information; and when the recommended content for the user is determined to exist, transmitting a notification message for the recommended content to the terminal apparatus. Therefore, utilization of a notification service for recommended content is further improved.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus which is capable of providing images with enhanced resolution and enhanced sharpness is provided. The image processing apparatus includes an inputter configured to receive an input of image data, an up-scaler configured to up-scale the inputted image data, a region sense unit configured to sense an edge region and a line region within the up-scaled image data by extracting brightness information of the up-scaled image data, an image corrector configured to correct the up-scaled image data in different correction methods for each of the edge region and the line region, and an outputter configured to output the corrected image data.

Abstract: An image processing method, including: receiving image content and metadata of the image content, the metadata content comprising flag information indicating whether to perform image processing on the image content and image processing information; determining whether to perform the image processing for each frame based on the flag information; performing, in response to determining to perform the image processing for an image frame, the image processing based on the image processing information on the image frame; and outputting the image processed image frame on which the image processing is performed.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus which is capable of providing images with enhanced resolution and enhanced sharpness is provided. The image processing apparatus includes an inputter configured to receive an input of image data, an up-scaler configured to up-scale the inputted image data, a region sense unit configured to sense an edge region and a line region within the up-scaled image data by extracting brightness information of the up-scaled image data, an image corrector configured to correct the up-scaled image data in different correction methods for each of the edge region and the line region, and an outputter configured to output the corrected image data.

Abstract: An image processing method, including: receiving image content and metadata of the image content, the metadata content comprising flag information indicating whether to perform image processing on the image content and image processing information; determining whether to perform the image processing for each frame based on the flag information; performing, in response to determining to perform the image processing for an image frame, the image processing based on the image processing information on the image frame; and outputting the image processed image frame on which the image processing is performed.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method include a receiver configured to receive an image, a display configured to display the received image, an extractor configured to extract a first object contour by applying a preset algorithm to an area of the displayed image designated by a user and extract a second object contour based on the designated area, an image analyzer configured to analyze the displayed image, and a controller configured to determine weight values for the first and second object contours based on an analysis result of the image analyzer and extract an object contour based on the first and second object contours to which the determined weight values are applied. The image processing apparatus extracts an object intended by a user even in a heavily noisy image.

Abstract: A content providing apparatus, system, and method for recommending content. The method includes: receiving user information from a display apparatus; determining whether a terminal apparatus of a user is registered, based on the received user information; when the terminal apparatus is determined to be registered, determining whether recommended content for the user exists, based on pattern information about content usage of the user and content information; and when the recommended content for the user is determined to exist, transmitting a notification message for the recommended content to the terminal apparatus. Therefore, utilization of a notification service for recommended content is further improved.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method include a receiver configured to receive an image, a display configured to display the received image, an extractor configured to extract a first object contour by applying a preset algorithm to an area of the displayed image designated by a user and extract a second object contour based on the designated area, an image analyzer configured to analyze the displayed image, and a controller configured to determine weight values for the first and second object contours based on an analysis result of the image analyzer and extract an object contour based on the first and second object contours to which the determined weight values are applied. The image processing apparatus extracts an object intended by a user even in a heavily noisy image.

Abstract: A dynamic range enhancement method and apparatus for an imaging device expands a dynamic range of an input image without an associated increase in the amount of image calculations. The dynamic range enhancement method includes producing brightness information and color information from an input image; applying gamma correction and inverse gamma correction to the brightness information to produce a gamma corrected image and an inverse gamma corrected image; comparing variances of the gamma corrected image and the inverse gamma corrected image at identical spots; and expanding a dynamic range of the input image by selecting one of the variances at each spot. The dynamic range of an input image is expanded by applying a post imaging process without increasing calculation amount of the imaging device.

Abstract: A color interpolation method and apparatus for interpolating missing color signals for each pixel of an image sensor. The color interpolation method includes forming a difference image channel by subtracting an R or B color value from a G color value in pixels adjacent to a pixel to be interpolated, detecting the direction of an edge to which the pixel to be interpolated belongs and selecting adjacent pixels to be used for color interpolation. By calculating a weight value indicating the direction of the edge and providing the weight value to the adjacent pixels to be used for color interpolation, and using the difference image values of the adjacent pixels and the weight values, a color component missing in the pixel to be interpolated can be calculated.

Abstract: A color interpolation apparatus includes: an area determination unit determining an area between a flat area and an edge area, to which a sampling unit formed with two pixels of the photoelectric device, vertically adjacent to each other, and to be interpolated belongs; a linear interpolation unit performing linear interpolation of the sampling unit determined to belong to a flat area and outputting a luminance signal or a chrominance signal; a weight value calculation unit calculating the weight value of an adjacent sampling unit to be used for weight interpolation of the sampling unit determined to belong to an edge area; and a weight interpolation unit performing weight interpolation of the sampling unit determined to belong to an edge area, by using the weight and outputting a luminance signal or a chrominance signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kit and a method for evaluating toxicity of a waterbody sample by a spore release of a green alga Ulva. The kit for evaluating the toxicity of a waterbody sample comprises a capsule-type bioware that includes the leaf of the green alga Ulva prepared in a coin shape; a small cylinder for measuring a volume of a waterbody sample; an artificial salt for controlling growth conditions of the leaf of the green alga Ulva; a dividing measurement film or magnifying glass for measuring the area with changed color into white in the leaf of the green alga Ulva; and a standard toxic solution. The toxicity is evaluated based on the color change (particularly, the change into white color) due to the spore release of the green alga Ulva.

Abstract: A dynamic range enhancement method and apparatus for an imaging device expands a dynamic range of an input image without an associated increase in the amount of image calculations. The dynamic range enhancement method includes producing brightness information and color information from an input image; applying gamma correction and inverse gamma correction to the brightness information to produce a gamma corrected image and an inverse gamma corrected image; comparing variances of the gamma corrected image and the inverse gamma corrected image at identical spots; and expanding a dynamic range of the input image by selecting one of the variances at each spot. The dynamic range of an input image is expanded by applying a post imaging process without increasing calculation amount of the imaging device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a message, which can determine whether a text is a search term or a message expression when a sender inputs a text into an information query input field, and transmit a message to a receiver when the text is determined as the message expression, is provided. A message transmission method includes: receiving a text which a sender has inputted into an information query input field; determining whether the text is a search term or a message expression; determining a receiver of the message when the text is determined as the message expression, the message expression comprising the message; and transmitting the message to the receiver.

Abstract: A color interpolation method and apparatus for interpolating missing color signals for each pixel of an image sensor. The color interpolation method includes forming a difference image channel by subtracting an R or B color value from a G color value in pixels adjacent to a pixel to be interpolated, detecting the direction of an edge to which the pixel to be interpolated belongs and selecting adjacent pixels to be used for color interpolation. By calculating a weight value indicating the direction of the edge and providing the weight value to the adjacent pixels to be used for color interpolation, and using the difference image values of the adjacent pixels and the weight values, a color component missing in the pixel to be interpolated can be calculated.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for removing color noise are provided. The apparatus includes a first filtering unit, a subtracting unit, a second filtering unit, and an adding unit. The first filtering unit removes color noise from color data of a first channel among input interpolated color data and outputs filtered color data of the first channel. The subtracting unit calculates a difference between each of input color data of a second channel and a third channel among the input interpolated color data and the filtered color data of the first channel and outputs differential images. The second filtering unit selects an intermediate differential image among the output differential images and previously filtered differential images and outputs filtered differential images. The adding unit adds the filtered color data of the first channel and the filtered differential images and outputs filtered color data of the second channel and the third channel.