Abstract: The heat-radiating system which radiates heat by heat exchange between a substrate 22 and cooling fluid. The heat-radiating system has a cooling structure that includes a vortex flow generating portion C1 on the surface of the substrate 22 in contact with the cooling fluid. The vortex flow generating portion C1 is composed of a plurality of recesses 22b that extend in the direction ? intersecting the flow direction of the cooling fluid and causes a vortex flow depending on the flow condition of the cooling fluid. The recess depth H of the vortex flow generating portion and the laminar sub-layer thickness ?b near the wall surface satisfy the relation of H>?b=63.

Abstract: The heat-radiating system which radiates heat by heat exchange between a substrate 22 and cooling fluid. The heat-radiating system has a cooling structure that includes a vortex flow generating portion C1 on the surface of the substrate 22 in contact with the cooling fluid. The vortex flow generating portion C1 is composed of a plurality of recesses 22b that extend in the direction ? intersecting the flow direction of the cooling fluid and causes a vortex flow depending on the flow condition of the cooling fluid. The recess depth H of the vortex flow generating portion and the laminar sub-layer thickness ?b near the wall surface satisfy the relation of H>?b=63.

Abstract: A cooling structure for cooling a heat generating element allows cooling fluid to circulate around the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon. The cooling structure is provided with a vortex-flow generating portion which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow depending on the flow rate of cooling fluid.

Abstract: A cooling structure for cooling a heat generating element allows cooling fluid to circulate around the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon. The cooling structure is provided with a vortex-flow generating portion which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow depending on the flow rate of cooling fluid. A cooling structure for cooling a heat generating element allows cooling fluid to circulate around the heat generating element or a base material with the heat generating element disposed thereon. The cooling structure is provided with a vortex-flow generating portion, which extends in a direction intersecting a circulation direction of the cooling fluid, and which generates a vortex flow depending on the flow rate of cooling fluid.

Abstract: There is provided a low-friction sliding member having a sliding surface slidable relative to an opposing member via an oil, wherein the sliding surface has a plurality of texture groups, each of the texture groups consists of at least two adjacent fine recesses having portions aligned to each other in either a sliding direction or oil flow direction; a distance between the texture groups is larger than a distance between the adjacent recesses; and the texture groups is distributed uniformly over the sliding surface.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low-friction sliding member having a sliding surface slidable relative to an opposing member via an oil, wherein the sliding surface has a plurality of texture groups, each of the texture groups consists of at least two adjacent fine recesses having portions aligned to each other in either a sliding direction or oil flow direction; a distance between the texture groups is larger than a distance between the adjacent recesses; and the texture groups is distributed uniformly over the sliding surface.

Abstract: A sliding structure is provided with at least a first sliding member that has a sliding surface and a plurality of micro-recessed parts with bottom surfaces having a maximum depth point spaced from the sliding surface to define a plurality of recesses. Each bottom surfaces includes a concaved portion extending rearward with respect to a sliding direction from the maximum depth point. Each micro-recessed parts has a cross-sectional shape in the sliding direction has an S/L ratio of 0 to 0.3, where L is an overall length of the micro-recessed part with respect to the sliding surface in the sliding direction and S is a length from a forward edge of the micro-recessed part with respect to the sliding surface in the sliding direction to the maximum depth point. The sliding member slide with respect to another sliding member with a viscous fluid interposed therebetween.