Abstract: An apparatus for data recovery includes a multi-level comparison unit, a detection logic unit, and a data composer. The multi-level comparison unit compares an input signal with M different reference signal levels to generate M digital data, the number M being greater than or equal to 2. The detection logic unit is coupled to the multi-level comparison unit, and performs logic operations upon specified lengths over the M digital data obtained from the multi-level comparison unit. The data composer is coupled to the multi-level comparison unit and the detection logic unit. The data composer generates recovered data conforming with a run length encoding constraint based on the M digital data obtained from the multi-level comparison unit and the result obtained from the detection logic unit.

Abstract: A method for deriving a tracking error signal based on a first analog detection signal and a second analog detection signal. The method includes summing the first analog detection signal and the second analog detection signal to generate an analog sum signal. An analog delay device is utilized to delay the analog sum signal to be a delay signal. The delay signal is digitalized into a digital delay signal. The first analog detection signal and the second analog detection signal are respectively transformed into a first digital detection signal and a second digital detect signal. The tracking error signal is then generated utilizing a comparing operation among the digital delay signal, the first digital detect signal, and the first digital detect signal.

Abstract: A circuit for tracking error signal detection on an optical storage medium, which has a plurality of digitizers, a plurality of logic comparators and a difference amplifier, is disclosed. The circuit involves summing the signals to be compared and obtaining a delay signal via a delayer. Therefore, the phase difference of the signals is detected via the delay signal to obtain the tracking error signal of the optical storage medium.

Abstract: A data recording method of optical storage medium is disclosed. The method employs the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to record the data in order to increase the usage efficiency of the storage channel. The method evolves dividing a storage channel into multiple sub-channels, and then determining the recordable bits of the multiple sub-channels according to the signal to noise ratio of the storage channel; next, an input signal to be recorded on the optical storage medium is transformed from frequency domain to time domain such that a time-domain signal is obtained; at last, recording the time-domain signal on the optical storage medium through a compositive modulation of pulse width and pulse amplitude.

Abstract: A method for producing a single integrated device containing a plurality of passive elements. The method includes providing a semiconductive ferroelectric substrate, applying a diffusant onto the substrate, and thermally processing the substrate. The ferroelectric material is a substrate with polycrystalline structure or a thin film formed by Ba1-xSrxTiO3 or Sr1-xCaxTiO3 or combinations thereof. Thermal processing is performed by isothermal heating or pulse laser.

Abstract: A method for producing a single integrated device containing a plurality of passive elements. The method includes providing a semiconductive ferroelectric substrate, applying a diffusant onto the substrate, and thermally processing the substrate. The ferroelectric material is a substrate with polycrystalline structure or a thin film formed by Ba1-xSrxTiO3 or Sr1-xCaxTiO3 or combinations thereof. Thermal processing is performed by isothermal heating or pulse laser.

Abstract: A type of piezoelectric transformer (PT) which vibrates in length extensional mode is provided. The piezoelectric transformer (PT) has a piezoelectric substrate which has a first dimension, a second dimension and a third dimension with the first dimension being longest and the third dimension being shortest. The substrate has two polarization directions parallel to the first dimension near two terminals of the first dimension and at least two opposite polarization directions on a central portion of the substrate transversely to the first dimension. The substrate further has at least two electrodes on a portion horizontal to the first dimension. Comparing with traditional piezoelectric transformers, the new one can solve the polarization difficulties and reduce audio noise output without sacrificing the electrical properties or even have better voltage transformation characteristics.

Abstract: A piezoelectric composite receiver for use in telephones comprising a front cover, a rear cover, and a transducer plate, which is provided with an piezoelectric layer so as to provide the function of an electroacoustic transducer. Each of the front cover and the rear cover has an elliptically-shaped protrusion for clamping the transducer plate therebetween. The elliptically-shaped protrusions allows the transducer plate to freely vibrate in the frequency range of interest (i.e., between 300 Hz and 3,400 Hz), while the sound in the high frequency region (above 3,400 Hz) is effectively suppressed. The front cover and the rear cover are made of a plastic material using an injection molding process, and either the front cover or the rear cover, or both, are provided with an ultrasonic welding loop, which allows the receiver to be affixed using an ultrasound welding device.

Abstract: An improved PTC electric heating element assembly comprises a heating element of a ceramic material with positive temperature coefficient, two insulating elements with different thickness, and four metal sheets, which are arranged in a stack to firmly join together by a fastening means fixed on the bottom of a container. The opposite sides of the heating element are contacted by metal sheets having electrodes which are connected to electric wires to effectively conduct the heat produced to the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for poling a piezoelectric ceramic includes a first and a second electrode which are connected to a DC power supply and spaced away from one another at a certain distance, and an insulated medium provided between the first and second electrodes. The second electrode is adapted to carry the piezoelectric ceramic which is spaced away from the first electrode. In this way, a piezoelectric ceramic can be poled by a poling field created between the first and second electrodes and prevented from being scraped by the first electrode or damaged by the ripples caused by an unstable voltage because of the separation of the piezoelectric ceramic to be poled from the first electrode and the buffering effect caused by the insulated medium between the first and second electrodes. In addition, the second electrode may be specifically in the form of a power-driven metal conveyor so that the piezoelectric ceramic to be poled can continuously pass through and be poled by the poling field.