Abstract: A system and a method for determining characteristic cells based on image recognition. In the method, a scanning device capturing a full image of the microslide; a host selecting images that comprise stained blocks from the full image; the host sequentially performing image recognition to recognize stained cells of the images, and determining whether the stained cells comprise the characteristic cells with an AI model; and selecting interested images from the images that comprise the characteristic cells, transforming the coordinate system of the interested images into the original coordinate system of the full image, and employing the scanning device to capture the interested images along the Z axis of the original coordinate system of the full image, thereby obtaining and outputting sets of pictures. The present invention can quickly determine whether there are characteristic cells in the tissue under test, so as to provide a diagnostic reference for doctors.