Abstract: An etalon according to the present invention is an etalon in which light is made incident from a direction different from a direction perpendicular to an incident surface and is emitted from an emission surface facing the incident surface, the etalon comprising a dielectric that has a first end surface on the incident surface side and a second end surface on the emission surface side so as to oppose the first end surface, wherein a refractive index distribution of the dielectric is set in such a manner that a lateral shift of the light becomes smaller between the first end surface and the second end surface as compared with a uniform refractive index distribution etalon under a condition that an optical path length of the light is equal. Therefore, the light according to the present invention can provide excellent wavelength controllability.

Abstract: An optical deflector which includes a dielectric having a paraelectric phase and a trap for storing an electric charge therein and deflects light transmitted through the dielectric by applying a voltage in a direction perpendicular to a transmission direction of the dielectric is provided. The optical deflector includes a first conductor, the dielectric, a second conductor, and two insulators in contact with both side surfaces parallel to a voltage application direction of the dielectric between the first conductor and the second conductor in this order, wherein a voltage is applied between the first conductor and the second conductor, a temperature of the first conductor and the second conductor is controlled independently, and one of the side surfaces of the dielectric is irradiated with excitation light through one insulator.

Abstract: An optical deflector has a dielectric of a paraelectric phase and deflects light transmitted through the dielectric by applying a voltage in a direction perpendicular to a transmission direction of the dielectric, the optical deflector including, in order, a first temperature control element, a first conductor on which a first sensor is disposed, the dielectric, a second conductor on which a second sensor is disposed, and a second temperature control element, wherein a voltage is applied between the first conductor and the second conductor, the dielectric is irradiated with excitation light having a substantially uniform intensity in an application direction of the voltage, and a temperature of the first conductor and a temperature of the second conductor are set to predetermined temperatures.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device includes a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a power supply, and a light source. The temperature measuring device observes the light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the Fabry-Perot interferometer and obtains the temperature of a measurement environment in which the Fabry-Perot interferometer is placed. The light source emits a plurality of lights to the Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Abstract: A diffraction element device includes a diffractive element and a power source, the diffractive element includes a substrate and a plurality of multi-step structures, each of the multi-step structures is composed of a plurality of steps, an electrode is provided at a part of the multi-step structures, a piezoelectric material or an electrostrictive material is included in a part of the multi-step structures, the power source is connected to the electrode or the substrate, and a height of the multi-step structures changes due to a voltage applied from the power source.

Abstract: A column reader, a one-dimensional transformer, and a row writer repeat reading of one or more columns, one-dimensional transform of one or more columns, and writing of one or more rows until all original data of M rows and N columns is transformed and recorded in an auxiliary storage device as intermediate data of N rows and M columns. A column reader, a one-dimensional transformer, and a row writer repeat reading of one or more columns, one-dimensional transform of one or more columns, and writing of one or more rows until all of the intermediate data is transformed and recorded in the auxiliary storage device as final data of M rows and N columns.

Abstract: A spectroscopic device includes a first optical element for wavelength-dispersing the light, a second optical element for converging the light which has been wavelength-dispersed, a light deflector for changing a trajectory of the converged light, the light deflector being of a transmission type and having an electro-optical effect, a drive power supply that applies a voltage to the light deflector, light receiver that detects at a predetermined position the light of which the trajectory has been changed, and a process unit that derives the wavelength of the detected light from the voltage.

Abstract: A swept light source of the present invention keeps a coherence length of an output beam long over an entire sweep wavelength range. A gain of a gain medium is changed with time in response to a wavelength sweep and the coherence length is kept maximum. The gain of the gain medium is kept close to a lasing threshold and an unsaturated gain range of the gain medium is narrowed over the entire sweep wavelength range. An SOA current waveform data acquiring method of driving while keeping the coherence length long, a novel coherence length measuring method, and an optical deflector suitable for the swept light source are also disclosed.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus includes a plurality of laser sources, an optical fiber connected to each of the plurality of laser sources, the optical fiber being one of a plurality of the optical fibers, and diffractive optical elements on which laser light beams are incident, laser light beams being emitted from the plurality of optical fibers. Diffracted light reflected by each of the diffractive optical elements forms an image on an object at a substantially identical intensity distribution and at a substantially identical focal position.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optic crystal, a first electrode, and a second electrode. A voltage is applied to the electro-optic crystal by the first electrode and the second electrode. The electro-optic crystal has an incident surface and an emitting surface parallel to each other and deflects incident light made incident on the incident surface at an acute incident angle in an electric field direction in which a voltage is applied. A rotation axis of an incident angle is parallel to the electric field direction.

Abstract: An angle measurement device according to the present invention relates to an angle measurement device for measuring an incident angle of an incident light ray, and includes: at least one light deflector; a driving power supply; a light receiver; and a calculation unit. The light deflector is of a transmission type, has an electro-optic effect, and is configured to change an optical path of the light ray by a voltage applied from the driving power supply, and cause the light ray to enter the light receiver. The calculation unit is configured to calculate the incident angle based on the voltage at which an intensity of the light ray detected by the light receiver is maximum.

Abstract: A first component having a plate shape includes a first incident surface and a first emission surface disposed on the opposite side of the first incident surface. The first component is made of light transmissive material having an electrostrictive effect. The first component further includes a first transparent electrode formed on the first incident surface, and a second transparent electrode formed between the first emission surface and a first reflective film.

Abstract: Provided are a first measurement apparatus that measures the stable isotope ratios of a carbon element and a hydrogen element contained in hair of animal, and a verification device having a database including first reference data for the stable isotope ratios of the carbon element and the hydrogen element, which are classified for each production area of the hair of the animal, in which the first measurement apparatus measures the stable isotope ratios of the carbon element and the hydrogen element contained in the hair of the animal to be measured, and the verification device compares the measurement result of the first measurement apparatus with the first reference data, and determines the production area of the hair of the animal to be measured based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A cleaning method involves, in a first step, emitting a first laser light toward the surface of a steel material targeted for cleaning to clean the surface of the steel material. Next, in a second step, a second laser light is emitted toward the surface of the steel material to remove an oxide layer formed on the surface of the steel material due to irradiation with the first laser light. In this step, the oxide layer formed on the surface of the steel material is removed, by emitting the second laser light at a power in a range that does not cause a new oxide layer to form on the surface of the steel material.

Abstract: An optical deflection apparatus is provided with an optical deflection element and a compensating optical element. The optical deflection element deflects incident light in a first direction (a voltage application direction) in which a voltage is applied (one-dimensional scan). The compensating optical element is an element which has an incidence surface and an emission surface, which compensates for a deflection deviation in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and to an optical axis of the incident light of deflected light having been deflected by the optical deflection element and incident from the incidence surface, and which arranges a direction of travel of compensated light to be emitted from the emission surface on a same plane.

Abstract: A distance measurement apparatus includes an interferometer that detects interference light obtained through interference between continuous light with a temporally swept wavelength, which is output from a wavelength swept light source, and reflected light obtained by reflecting the light by a distance measurement target, and converts the interference light into an interference electrical signal, a spectrum calculation unit that applies discrete Fourier transform to a digital interference signal obtained by the interference electrical signal being AD-converted and calculates a spectrum of a discrete frequency component with an intensity of every frequency of the interference signal as a real number, an interpolation unit that interpolates a spectrum between frequencies of the spectrum, a search unit that acquires a frequency of a peak included in the interpolated spectrum, and a distance calculation unit that calculates a distance to a distance measurement target, based on the frequency.

Abstract: To cool a cooling target with liquid, a cooling apparatus includes a cooling medium holding portion configured to support the cooling target and hold a flow passage of the cooling medium, and a device configured to drive the cooling medium. The section where the cooling medium comes into contact with the cooling target in the flow passage of the cooling medium holding portion, the section where the cooling medium flows in, and the section where the cooling medium flows out have different flow passage structures so that the cooling medium passes at high speed while in contact with a cooling surface of the cooling target to achieve high cooling efficiency.

Abstract: A laser light scanning apparatus includes: an optical system that generates parallel light from laser light emitted from a light source; an optical deflector that performs one-dimensional deflection on the parallel light from the optical system; and a diffractive optical element that diffracts deflected light from the optical deflector. The diffractive optical element is configured such that the diffracted light is focused along a predetermined axis that extends from the optical deflector toward the diffractive optical element, and the position at which the diffracted light is focused on the predetermined axis changes according to the incidence position of the deflected light.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes an electro-optical material in a paraelectric phase and having a trap for accumulating charges inside the electro-optical material; an electrode pair formed on facing surfaces of the electro-optical material; a first and second conductor hold units provided so as to hold the electro-optical material and the electrode pair therebetween; a temperature sensor that measures at least one of temperatures of the conductor hold units; and a temperature control unit that controls the temperatures of the conductor hold units, based on the measurement temperature, and the optical deflector sets an optical axis of incident light into the electro-optical material so as to be orthogonal to the electric field direction, applies between the electrode pair an alternating current voltage on which a direct current bias voltage is superimposed, and thereby deflects the incident light, in which the temperatures of the first and second conductor hold units are controlled so as to give the electro-opti

Abstract: A distance measurement device includes a skew measurement unit that measures a skew between channels of an ADC based on a criterion signal and a first detection signal and outputs a skew signal, a correction unit that uses the skew signal to correct a time difference between a first peak time of a first peak included in a waveform of a reference signal and a second peak time of a second peak corresponding to the first peak included in a waveform of a second detection signal, and a distance measurement unit that obtains a distance to an object for each first peak timased on the corrected time difference and outputs a distance signal.