Abstract: A thermal device according to the present disclosure includes a ceramic container, a fluid, and a sealing portion. The container includes an internal space, an opening portion connected to the internal space, and a communication path configured to connect the internal space and the opening portion. The fluid is located in the internal space. The sealing portion blocks the opening portion. The sealing portion includes a core portion and a flange connected to the core portion. The flange is bonded to the container around the opening portion. The core portion is located inside the opening portion. A portion of the core portion is in contact with the wall surface of the opening portion.

Abstract: Detection device detects relative position between overlapping first and second marks. The device includes illumination system configured to illuminate the first and second marks with unpolarized illumination light, detection system having image sensor and configured to form image on imaging surface of the image sensor from diffracted lights from the first and second marks. The first and second marks are configured to form, on the imaging surface, optical information representing the relative position in first or second direction. Light blocking body arranged on pupil surface of the detection system includes first light blocking portion crossing the optical axis of the detection system in direction conjugate to the first direction and second light blocking portion crossing the optical axis of the detection system in fourth direction conjugate to the second direction.

Abstract: Detection device detects relative position between first and second marks overlapping each other. The device includes illumination system configured to illuminate the first and second marks with illumination light, and detection system configured to form image on imaging surface of image sensor from diffracted lights from the first and the second marks configured to form, on the imaging surface, optical information representing the relative position in first or second direction. The illumination light passes through only optical axis of the illumination system on pupil surface of the illumination system. Light blocking body provided on pupil surface of the detection system includes first light blocking portion crossing optical axis of the detection system in direction conjugate to the first direction, and second light blocking portion crossing the optical axis of the detection system in direction conjugate to the second direction.

Abstract: A detection apparatus includes an image sensing device having an image sensing plane including a first periodic structure; and an optical system configured to illuminate a detection target including a second periodic structure different from the first periodic structure, and form an image of light from the detection target on the image sensing plane. Light having entered the image sensing plane generates a plurality of diffracted light beams of different orders in accordance with the first periodic structure. A normal of the image sensing plane is tilted with respect to an optical axis of the optical system such that the optical axis is located between diffracted light beams of adjacent orders not less than a first order among the plurality of diffracted light beams.

Abstract: A inspection apparatus for detecting a foreign matter on a substrate on which a pattern is formed includes a detection unit including a light projector for projecting light on a surface of the substrate and a light receiver, a change mechanism for changing an area of the light projected by the light projector to a first area and a second area that is smaller than the first area without changing a light amount, and a control unit for detecting the foreign matter based on a first light amount received by the light receiver in a case where the light is projected in the first area on the surface of the substrate and a second light amount received by the light receiver in a case where the light is projected in the second area on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: To enhance convenience in an authentication system using a plurality of types of authentication, a terminal device transmits authentication data including a face image and a voice of a user, the position of the terminal device, to the server device. The server device uses the received authentication data to perform individual authentications including face authentication, voiceprint authentication, position adequacy verification. The server device applies adds up weighted scores of the individual authentications to calculate a comprehensive score. When the comprehensive score exceeds a first threshold, a high security operation is permitted. When the comprehensive score is not higher than the first threshold and exceeds a second threshold, a low security operation is permitted.

Abstract: An authentication system includes user information acquisition circuitry configured to acquire user information of a user, the user information including image information of the user or voice information of the user; authentication information extraction circuitry configured to extract, from the user information, authentication information corresponding to a plurality of types of authentication; and authentication circuitry configured to perform an authentication procedure, using the authentication information, to authenticate the user.

Abstract: An authentication system that includes a memory and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to manage a plurality of items of authentication information for authenticating a user; determine a usage type; select an authentication type, from among a plurality of authentication types, corresponding to the usage type; perform an authentication process for the user based on the authentication type; and output a result of authentication of the user.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus includes a discharge unit and a detection unit. The discharge unit is configured to discharge liquid containing a volatile compound from a discharge port. The detection unit is configured to detect discharge of the liquid by detecting, using light, a volatile component volatilizing from the liquid when the liquid is discharged from the discharge port.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus includes a discharge unit and a detection unit. The discharge unit is configured to discharge liquid containing a volatile compound from a discharge port. The detection unit is configured to detect discharge of the liquid by detecting, using light, a volatile component volatilizing from the liquid when the liquid is discharged from the discharge port.

Abstract: An imprint apparatus according to the present invention is configured to form a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate with a mold, and includes a mold holding unit configured to hold the mold, a substrate holding unit configured to hold the substrate, a driving mechanism configured to change relative position of the mold holding unit and the substrate holding unit, and a control unit configured to control, when the relative position of the mold holding unit and the substrate holding unit is changed while the mold is in contact with the imprint material on the substrate, the driving mechanism in such a manner that driving force to be generated due to viscoelasticity of the imprint material becomes smaller.

Abstract: An imprint apparatus which brings a mold into contact with a resin coated on a substrate, and cures the resin, includes a substrate stage including a substrate chuck which holds the substrate, and a gas flow forming section arranged on the substrate stage so as to form a gas flow on the substrate. The gas flow forming section includes a blower which blows a gas in a direction which intersects with a plane parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and a changing section which changes a direction, in which the gas blown by the blower flows, so that the gas flows along the upper surface of the substrate. The changing section has a maximum height higher than a height of the upper surface of the substrate held by the substrate chuck.

Abstract: In this invention, an idea of the reverse direction label switched path (RLP) in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is applied to the multicast transmission to improve the management transmission in the multicast transmission, and to easily carry out an additional connection and disconnection. Specifically, in the reverse direction symmetric routing Label switched Path (LP), a virtual label in addition to an input label and an output label is used for the reverse direction routing. However, in this invention, instead of the virtual label, a multicast address to which a client terminal, which is connected to a head of the path on the reverse direction routing, and corresponds to a leaf in the multicast tree, is connected, is registered, as a multicast index, in routers on the path. Then, when receiving a multicast packet including a label and a multicast address, an output label corresponding to the received label is identified, thereby a destination link is identified.

Abstract: In this invention, an idea of the reverse direction label switched path (RLP) in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is applied to the multicast transmission to improve the management transmission in the multicast transmission, and to easily carry out an additional connection and disconnection. Specifically, in the reverse direction symmetric routing Label switched Path (LP), a virtual label in addition to an input label and an output label is used for the reverse direction routing. However, in this invention, instead of the virtual label, a multicast address to which a client terminal, which is connected to a head of the path on the reverse direction routing, and corresponds to a leaf in the multicast tree, is connected, is registered, as a multicast index, in routers on the path. Then, when receiving a multicast packet including a label and a multicast address, an output label corresponding to the received label is identified, thereby a destination link is identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing an alcohol including hydrogenating an aldehyde using a hydrogenation catalyst and subjecting the resultant product to distillation/purification, wherein the resultant hydrogenation product is subjected to distillation/purification in the absence of the hydrogenation catalyst or in the presence of the hydrogenation catalyst in such an amount that does not cause a dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a banknote counter 17 capable of speedily and accurately checking banknotes exchanged for chips and automatically acquiring and managing accurate transaction information. Banknotes received in the banknote counter 17 are recognized one by one by a recognition unit, and thus can be checked speedily and accurately compared with manually checking banknotes. Banknotes can be additionally received until one transaction is confirmed by a confirmation unit, and one transaction can be confirmed by the confirmation unit. Information on a confirmed transaction is displayed on an external display unit 18. Accurate information on a confirmed transaction is transmitted from the banknote counter 17 to a higher-ranking machine and can be automatically acquired and managed by the higher-ranking machine.

Abstract: A process by which a hydroformylation reaction can be efficiently conducted without lowering the yield of an aldehyde in the reaction is provided. A process for producing an aldehyde which includes subjecting an olefin to a hydroformylation reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the olefin is fed as a gas to a reactor. In feeding the olefin as a gas to the reactor, it is preferred to gasify the olefin with the heat of the hydroformylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention reduces a cost of a polymerization inhibitor required in purification of high purity acrylic acid through distillation. According to the present invention, a condensate obtained through the distillation of acrylic acid in a distillation column is fed to a flasher, to thereby obtain acrylic acid as a product from a distillate distilled from the flasher.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to obtain a highly pure alcohol by reducing the aldehyde concentration in the product alcohol efficiently and inexpensively. The invention relates to a process for producing an alcohol including hydrogenating an aldehyde and subjecting the resultant product to distillation/purification, wherein a total amount of oxygen introduced into the distillation/purification step is 0.0034 mol/s or less of oxygen per 1 kg/s of the product alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention reduces a cost of a polymerization inhibitor required in purification of high purity acrylic acid through distillation. According to the present invention, a condensate obtained through the distillation of acrylic acid in a distillation column is fed to a flasher, to thereby obtain acrylic acid as a product from a distillate distilled from the flasher.