Abstract: A photovoltaic device is provided which can selectively and stably control the color of an intended exterior surface, particularly a light-incident surface side, of the photovoltaic device, and which exhibits high performance. A diffuser layer is provided on a light incident plane side of the photovoltaic device for scattering and dispersing incident light. By providing a coloring layer thereon to color incident light or using a structure where the diffuser layer itself is colored, reduction of photoelectromotive force performance is minimized while adding color to the photovoltaic device.

Abstract: A novel phthalocyanine compound having improved solubility and high purity and containing a polymerizable vinyl group within its molecule is provided. Intermediates to this phthalocyanine compound also have improved solubility and high purity. Further, with the novel phthalocyanine compound used as a starting monomer, a novel polymer is obtained which has a high content of (metal) phthalocyanine and is easy to control the orientation of phthalocyanine rings. The polymer having improved solubility and high purity is expected of use as functional material such as catalysts and recording material.

Abstract: Novel naphthalocyanine compounds are provided including nitro- and amino-substituted naphthalocyanine compounds, and vinyl-containing naphthalocyanine compounds. The compounds have improved solubility and high purity and are expected to find use as photo-functional materials such as dyes. Polymers are obtained using the vinyl-containing naphthalocyanine compounds. The polymers also have improved solubility, high purity, a high naphthalocyanine content and ease of control of the orientation of naphthalocyanine rings and are expected of use as various functional materials.

Abstract: A radar apparatus of an automotive vehicle includes a radar unit which outputs signals at intervals of a predetermined time, each signal indicating data of a position of a target at an output time. A position detecting unit detects data of the position of the target from the signals output by the radar unit when the vehicle operates in a straight line path. A correction value determining unit generates a set of errors of a beam emission axis to the straight line path with respect to a horizontal direction so that an average of the errors with respect to each of the signals is determined from the data detected by the position detecting unit. The correction value determining unit determines a correction value by taking an average of the averages of the errors with respect to all the signals.

Abstract: A resin composition for forming an insulating film suitable for fabricating an amorphous silicon solar cell utilizing a flexible substrate, obtained by mixing a first component comprising a polyfunctional isocyanate compound and a polyol based second component comprising polymers or oligomers having reactive hydroxyl groups which react with isocyanate groups to principally form urethane bonds.

Abstract: Novel naphthalocyanine compounds are provided including nitro- and amino-substituted naphthalocyanine compounds, and vinyl-containing naphthalocyanine compounds. The compounds have improved solubility and high purity and are expected to find use as photo-functional materials such as dyes. Polymers are obtained using the vinyl-containing naphthalocyanine compounds- The polymers also have improved solubility, high purity, a high naphthalocyanine content and ease of control of the orientation of naphthalocyanine rings and are expected of use as various functional materials.

Abstract: A novel phthalocyanine compound having improved solubility and high purity and containing a polymerizable vinyl group within its molecule is provided. Intermediates to this phthalocyanine compound also have improved solubility and high purity. Further, with the novel phthalocyanine compound used as a starting monomer, a novel polymer is obtained which has a high content of (metal) phthalocyanine and is easy to control the orientation of phthalocyanine rings. The polymer having improved solubility and high purity is expected of use as functional material such as catalysts and recording material.

Abstract: A novel phthalocyanine compound having improved solubility and high purity and containing a polymerizable vinyl group within its molecule is provided. Intermediates to this phthalocyanine compound also have improved solubility and high purity. Further, with the novel phthalocyanine compound used as a starting monomer, a novel polymer is obtained which has a high content of (metal) phthalocyanine and is easy to control the orientation of phthalocyanine rings. The polymer having improved solubility and high purity is expected of use as functional material such as catalysts and recording material.

Abstract: A back coating resin composition for a magnetic recording medium comprising:(A) a plastic compound having a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 100,000 and containing at least two radiation-curable unsaturated double bonds;(B) a rubber-like compound having a molecular weight of from 3,000 to 100,000 and containing at least one radiation-curable unsaturated double bond or containing no such double bond; and(C) a compound having a molecular weight of from 200 to 3,000 and containing at least one radiation-curable unsaturated double bond.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium comprising a base film and a magnetic layer formed on the base film, the base film has been plasma treated in an atmosphere consisting essentially of an inorganic gas containing N, H, and optionally O at frequencies in the range of 10 to 200 kHz. A perpendicular magnetizable metal thin film layer can be deposited on the plasma-treated surface of a resin substrate having a heat distortion temperature of at least 150.degree. C. without disturbance on the crystal structure of the layer.

Abstract: Inorganic powders are coated with a thin film of an organic polymer formed on the individual particles by plasma polymerization. The film thickness may be not more than 100 .ANG., and the inorganic powders include magnetic ones.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium wherein a magnetic layer containing a particulate magnetic material and a binder is formed on a substrate exhibits improved performance as magnetic recording tape, disk, and sheet when the particulate magnetic material comprises particles having iron carbide at least on the surface thereof and optional oxide particles, and the particulate magnetic material contains 5 to 90% by weight of iron carbide in the form of Fe.sub.n C.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate, an optional undercoat layer, and a magnetic layer formed thereon and containing a hexagonal plate magnetic powder, an electroconductive material, and a binder is improved in runnability and recording density by the presence of a fatty acid ester at least on the recording side surface of the magnetic layer, and by providing an electric resistance of up to 5.times.10.sup.9 .OMEGA./cm.sup.2 on the side of the magnetic layer.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate and a magnetic layer thereon, the magnetic layer is formed by coating a composition of a binder, preferably radiation-curable binder and a needle magnetic material, passing the coating through a magnetic field to forcedly re-orient the magnetic particles to form pores having an average pore area of 6.times.10.sup.-5 to 7.times.10.sup.-1 .mu.m.sup.2, and curing the coating, thereby minimizing output fluctuation and improving durability. Preferably lubricant is present in the pores.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium of the hard disk type comprising a rigid substrate and a magnetic layer formed thereon, the substrate is plasma treated at frequencies in the range of 10 to 200 kHz in an inorganic gas containing O; N and H; and N, H and O.

Abstract: A magnetic sheet comprising a disk-shaped substrate and a magnetic layer is loaded in a magnetic sheet operating device, typically electronic camera comprising a magnetic head for performing recording and reproducing operations on the sheet while rotating the sheet. The magnetic layer is formed from a composition comprising a magnetic powder and a binder having a specified complex elastic modulus.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a ferromagnetic metal thin film layer formed on one surface of a flexible non-magnetic substrate and primarily comprising cobalt and oxygen is improved in durability by treating the substrate with a plasma at a frequency of 10 kHz to 200 kHz, and providing the magnetic layer on the surface with protrusions having a height of 30 to 300 .ANG. at an average density of at least 10.sup.5 /a.sup.2 per square millimeter of the surface, provided that the magnetic recording medium is passed for recording/reproducing operation across a magnetic head with a gap having a distance a as expressed n .mu.m.

Abstract: This invention concerns a radiation-curable, magnetic coating material and a magnetic recording medium made with the coating, which is characterized in that a water-soluble or water-dispersed resin having at least one radiation-curable, unsaturated double is contained as a vehicle. The vehicle may also contain a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin, or mixtures thereof free from such an unsaturated double bond. The invention provides a magnetic recording medium with improved durability, softness, flexibility, and heat resistance.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium comprising a plastic base film and a magnetic layer, the base film is plasma treated at frequencies in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz in an inorganic gas containing at least 5% of oxygen. The magnetic layer is formed on the plasma treated base film by applying a magnetic composition of ferromagnetic fine particles dispersed in a plasticized binder compound comprising a radiation-sensitive modified resin in admixture with a radiation-sensitive modified flexible resin or prepolymer, oligomer or telomer thereof, and exposing the composition to radiation for crosslinking and polymerization.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium, obtained by preparing a radiation-sensitive curing resin by modification of a copolymer of (A) vinyl chloride, (B) a vinyl carboxylate, (C) an unsaturated carboxylic acid and (D) an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, containing 50 to 80% by weight of (A) based on the total of (A) and (B), 10 to 30% by weight of (D) based on the total of (C) and (D) and a total of 1 to 5 parts by weight of (C) and (D) based on 100 parts by weight of (A) and (B) and having an average polymerization degree of 100 of 400, and a magnetic powder thereby producing a magnetic paint, applying said magnetic paint to a non-magnetic substrate, and solidifying the resultant coating of paint on said substrate by exposure to radiation.