Abstract: A method for dimerizing an olefin, which comprises dimerizing an olefin in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a nickel compound, an organic aluminum compound and a phosphite compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which may be the same or different, is a hydrocarbon group, each of R.sup.3 to R.sup.8 which may be the same or different, is a substituent containing no oxygen atom, or a hydrogen atom, W is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and x is 0 or 1, are used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for preparing a hydroformylated product by reacting an olefinic compound with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst, in the reaction of which there is present a phosphite compound having the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are respectively an aromatic hydrocarbon groups which may be the same or different and the aromatic hydrocarbon group has at least a hydrocarbon group on a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon atom bonded with an oxygen atom as a substituent; A.sup.1 is an n-valent organic group having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group bonded with an adjacent oxygen atom, which may respectively have a substituent; n is an integer of from 2 to 4; and the respective [--O--P(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2)] group may be the same or different.

Abstract: A method for producing an aldehyde, which comprises reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound and an organic phosphite compound to produce a corresponding aldehyde, wherein an organic phosphite compound of the formula (I):P(OR.sub.1)(OR.sub.2)(OR.sub.3) (I)wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which may be the same or different, is a 2-naphthyl group which may have a substituent, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a substituted 2-naphthyl group of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is a C.sub.1-30 organic group, and each of R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and R.sub.3 is 1 a 2-naphthyl group which may have a substituent, 2 a phenyl group which may have a substituent, or 3 an alkyl group which may have a substituent, is used as said organic phosphite compound.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process for preparing a hydroformylated product by reacting an olefinic compound with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst, in the reaction of which there is present a phosphite compound having the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are respectively an aromatic hydrocarbon groups which may be the same or different and the aromatic hydrocarbon group has at least a hydrocarbon group on a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon atom bonded with an oxygen atom as a substituent; A.sup.1 is an n-valent organic group having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group bonded with an adjacent oxygen atom, which may respectively have a substituent; n is an integer of from 2 to 4; and the respective ##STR2## group may be the same or different.

Abstract: A method for producing an aldehyde, which comprises reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound and an organic phosphite compound to produce a corresponding aldehyde, wherein an organic phosphite compound of the formula (I):P(OR.sub.1)(OR.sub.2)(OR.sub.3) (I)wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which may be the same or different, is a 2-naphthyl group which may have a substituent, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a substituted 2-naphthyl group of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is a C.sub.1-30 organic group, and each of R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and R.sub.3 is 1 a 2-naphthyl group which may have a substituent, 2 a phenyl group which may have a substituent, or 3 an alkyl group which may have a substituent, is used as said organic phosphite compound.

Abstract: Hydroformylation process, wherein an olefinic compound is reacted with hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a Group VIII precious metal complex catalyst containing an organic phosphorus compound as a ligand, the process being characterized by use of trialkyl phosphine, as the organic phosphorus compound, having the total carbon atom number of 27 or more in its alkyl groups.

Abstract: A method for recovering a Group VIII metal solid complex from an organic compound-containing solution containing a Group VIII metal complex, wherein the Group VIII metal complex is precipitated in the presence of a trialkyl phosphine of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group and they may be the same or different from one another, and the sum of the carbon numbers of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is at least 42.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst composition produced by comprising mixing at least one crystalline composite oxide, as the first component, selected from the group consisting of (i) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table A and (ii) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table B, an aqueous solution, as the second component, containing vanadium and phosphorus, and silica sol, as the third component, to form an aqueous slurry, spray-drying the slurry, and calcining the solid particles thereby obtained:TABLE A ______________________________________ X-ray diffraction peaks (Anticathode: Cu--K.sub..alpha.) 2.theta. (.+-.0.2.degree.) ______________________________________ 15.7.degree. 19.6.degree. 24.2.degree. 27.1.degree. 28.8.degree. 30.4.degree.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oxidation catalyst composition comprises mixing at least one crystalline composite oxide, as the first component, selected from the group consisting of (i) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table A and (ii) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table B, an aqueous solution, as the second component, containing vanadium and phosphorus, and silica sol, as the third component, to form an aqueous slurry, spray-drying the slurry, and calcining the solid particles thereby obtained:TABLE A ______________________________________ X-ray diffraction peaks (Anticathode: Cu--K.sub..alpha.) 2.theta. (.+-.0.2.degree.) ______________________________________ 15.7.degree. 19.6.degree. 24.2.degree. 27.1.degree. 28.8.degree. 30.4.degree.